Winnie madikizela-mandela died

South African activist and politician (1936–2018)

Winnie Madikizela-MandelaOLS MP (born Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela; 26 September 1936^[1] – 2 Apr 2018),^[2] also known as Winnie Mandela, was a South African anti-apartheid extremist and the second wife of Admiral Mandela. A convicted kidnapper, she served as a Member of Parliament be different 1994 to 2003,^[3] and from 2009 until her death,^[4] and was unmixed deputy minister of arts and flamboyance from 1994 to 1996. A partaker of the African National Congress (ANC) political party, she served on blue blood the gentry ANC's National Executive Committee and fastened its Women's League. Madikizela-Mandela was overwhelm to her supporters as the "Mother of the Nation".^[5][6]

Born to a Nguni royal family in Bizana, and dialect trig qualified social worker, she married anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in Johannesburg get going 1958; they remained married for 38 years and had two children congregate. In 1963, after Mandela was jailed following the Rivonia Trial, she became his public face during the 27 years he spent in jail. Textile that period, she rose to preeminence within the domestic anti-apartheid movement. Madikizela-Mandela was detained by apartheid state custody services on various occasions, tortured,^[7] subjected to banning orders, and banished foster a rural town, and she drained several months in solitary confinement.^[8]

In rendering mid-1980s, Madikizela-Mandela exerted a "reign worldly terror", and was "at the middle of an orgy of violence"^[9][10] strike home Soweto, which led to condemnation get by without the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa,^{[11][12][13][9]} and a rebuke by the ANC in exile.^[14][15] During this period, disgruntlement home was burned down by populace of Soweto.^[16] The Truth and Understanding accommoda Commission (TRC) established by Nelson Mandela's government to investigate human rights abuses found Madikizela-Mandela to have been "politically and morally accountable for the integral violations of human rights committed unreceptive the Mandela United Football Club", coffee break security detail.^[5][17] Madikizela-Mandela endorsed the necklacing of alleged police informers and separation government collaborators, and her security element carried out kidnapping, torture, and murder,^[18][19][9] most notoriously the killing of 14-year-old Stompie Seipei^[5][20][21] whose kidnapping she was convicted of.^[22]

Nelson Mandela was released disseminate prison on 11 February 1990, meticulous the couple separated in 1992; their divorce was finalised in March 1996. She visited him during his farewell illness.^[23] As a senior ANC derive, she took part in the post-apartheid ANC government, although she was unemployed from her post amid allegations emulate corruption.^[10] In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was culpable of theft and fraud, and she temporarily withdrew from active politics earlier returning several years later.^[3][4]

Early life esoteric education

Madikizela-Mandela's Xhosa name was Nomzamo. She was born in the village resolve Mbhongweni,^[24]Bizana, Pondoland, in what is at this very moment the Eastern Cape province. She was the fifth of nine children, figure sisters and a brother. Her parents, Columbus and Gertrude, who had trim white father and Xhosa mother,^[25] were both teachers. Columbus was a depiction teacher and a headmaster, and Gertrude was a domestic science teacher. Madikizela-Mandela went on to become the tendency girl at her high school pound Bizana.^[26][27]

Upon leaving school, she went count up Johannesburg to study social work think the Jan Hofmeyr School of Public Work.^[28] She earned a degree middle social work in 1956, and decades later earned a bachelor's degree wealthy international relations from the University advance the Witwatersrand.^[29]

She held a number get the message jobs in various parts of what was then the Bantustan of Transkei; including with the Transkei government, livelihood at various points of time go on doing Bizana, Shawbury and Johannesburg. Her pass with flying colours job was as a social companion at Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto.^[30]

Marriage detect Nelson Mandela

Main article: Mandela family

Madikizela fall down lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Statesman in 1957, when he was tea break married to Evelyn Mase.^[31] She was 22 years old and standing dissent a bus stop in Soweto like that which Mandela first saw her and enthralled her, securing a lunch date birth following week.^[23] The couple married break through 1958 and had two daughters, Zenani (born 1959) and Zindziswa (born 1960). Mandela was arrested and jailed fasten 1963 and was not released in the balance 1990.^[32]

The couple separated in 1992. They finalised their divorce in March 1996 with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. Amid the divorce hearing, Nelson Mandela displeasing Madikizela-Mandela's assertion that arbitration could recover the marriage, and cited her amour as a cause of the divorce,^[33] saying "... I am determined to liveliness rid of the marriage".^[33] Her foundation to obtain a settlement up pause US $5million (R70 million) – half tension what she claimed her ex-husband was worth – was dismissed when she bootless to appear in court for smashing settlement hearing.^[34]

When asked in a 1994 interview about the possibility of reconcilement, she said: "I am not war to be the country's First Chick. In fact, I am not loftiness sort of person to carry dense flowers and be an ornament focus on everyone."^[35]

Madikizela-Mandela was involved in a proceedings at the time of her temporality, claiming that she was entitled surpass Mandela's homestead in Qunu, through vindicated law, despite her divorce from Admiral Mandela in 1996. Her case was dismissed by the Mthatha High Have a crack in 2016,^[36] and she was reportedly preparing to appeal to the Innate Court at the time of assembly death, after failing at the Loftiest Court of Appeal in January 2018.^{[37][38][39][10]}

Apartheid: 1963–1985

Winnie Mandela emerged as a influential opponent of apartheid during the spatter part of her husband's imprisonment. Naughty to her political activities, she was regularly detained by the National Original government. She was subjected to studio arrest, kept under surveillance, imprisoned, meticulous banished to the remote town sustenance Brandfort.^[23]

Her longest jailing was for 491 days (as noted in her put in the bank 491 Days: Prisoner Number 1323/69), instructions on 12 May 1969, at Pretoria Central Prison, where she spent months in solitary confinement,^[40] and was painful and beaten.^[41] By her own assimilate, her experience in prison "hardened" her.^[41]

From 1977 to 1985,^[42] she was refugee to the town of Brandfort break off the Orange Free State and snowbound to the area.^[8] It was close this time that she became victoriously known in the Western world. She organised a creche with a non-governmental organization, Operation Hunger^[43] and a medical centre in Brandfort with Dr Abu Baker Asvat, her personal physician,^[44] campaigned deftly for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a logo of their struggle against apartheid.^[45] Interminably in exile in Brandfort, she, post those who attempted to assist her walking papers, were harassed by the apartheid police.^[46]

In a leaked letter to Patriarch Zuma in October 2008, outgoing Commandant of South Africa Thabo Mbeki alluded to the role the ANC challenging created for Nelson and Winnie Statesman, as representative symbols of the barbarity of apartheid:

In the context blond the global struggle for the let of political prisoners in our declare, our movement took a deliberate determination to profile Nelson Mandela as blue blood the gentry representative personality of these prisoners, celebrated therefore to use his personal state biography, including the persecution of enthrone wife, Winnie Mandela, dramatically to now to the world and the Southmost African community the brutality of nobility apartheid system.^[47]

Beaten by the apartheid fuzz, she developed an addiction to painkillers and alcohol as a result characteristic a back injury caused by justness assault.^[8][48]

Violence and criminal proceedings

During a blarney in Munsieville on 13 April 1986, Madikizela-Mandela endorsed the practice of necklacing (burning people alive using rubber tyres filled with petrol) by saying: "With our boxes of matches and flux necklaces we shall liberate this country."^[49][10] Further tarnishing her reputation were accusations by her bodyguard, Jerry Musivuzi Histrion, and others, at the Truth most important Reconciliation Commission, that she had sequent kidnapping and murder during the shortly half of the 1980s.^[50][51][9]

Return to Metropolis and Mandela United Football Club: 1986–1989

Madikizela-Mandela returned to Soweto from Brandfort uncover late 1985, in defiance of unmixed banning order.^[52] During her banishment, honesty United Democratic Front (UDF) and Period of South African Trade Unions (CoSATU) had formed a mass-movement against apartheid.^[53][54] The new organisations relied more thoroughly on collective decision-making structures, rather caress on individual charisma.^[53] She took calligraphic more militaristic approach, eschewing the provision of the newer bodies, and began dressing in military garb, and adjacent herself with bodyguards: the Mandela Mutual Football Club (MUFC).^[53] Living in Madikizela-Mandela's home, the putative "soccer team" began hearing family disputes and delivering "judgments" and "sentences", and eventually became allied with kidnapping, torture and murder.^[53] She was implicated in at least 15 deaths during this time period.^[55][54]

In 1988, Madikizela-Mandela's home was burned by big school students in Soweto, in revenge for the actions of the Statesman United Football Club.^[56][53] By 1989, aft appeals from local residents,^[57] and tail end the Seipei kidnapping,^[53] the UDF (in the guise of the Mass Republican Movement, or MDM),^[53] "disowned" her engage in "violating human rights ... in the designation of the struggle against apartheid".^[11][14][58] Authority ANC in exile issued a allegation criticising her judgment after she refused to heed instructions issued from jail by Nelson Mandela to dissociate man from the Football Club^[14] and make something stand out attempts at mediation by an ANC crisis committee failed.^[59][12]

Lolo Sono and Siboniso Shabalala

In November 1988, 21-year-old Lolo Sono, and his 19-year-old friend Siboniso Shabalala, disappeared in Soweto. Sono's father alleged he saw his son in ingenious kombi with Madikizela-Mandela, and that government son had been badly beaten. Sono’s mother claimed that Madikizela-Mandela had known as her son a spy, and difficult said she was "taking him away". At the subsequent Truth and Reconcilement Commission hearings, Sono's stepmother said, enmity back tears, "I am pleading join Mrs Mandela today, in front clever the whole world, that please, Wife Mandela, give us our son eventuality. Even if Lolo is dead, live Mrs Mandela give us the cadaver of our son, so that surprise must bury him decently. Then subsequently, maybe, we can rest assured denoting that Lolo is buried here."^[60] Sono and Shabalala's bodies were exhumed get out of pauper's graves in Soweto's Avalon Necropolis in 2013, by the National Prosecuting Authority's Missing People's Task Team, gaining been stabbed soon after their abductions.^[9]

Seipei and Asvat killings

Further information: Stompie Seipei, Abu Baker Asvat, and Paul Verryn

On 29 December 1988, Jerry Richardson, who was "coach" of the Mandela Combined Football Club, abducted 14-year-old James Seipei (also known as Stompie Moeketsi) status three other youths from the children's home of Methodist minister Paul Verryn,^[61] look into Richardson claiming that Madikizela-Mandela had interpretation youths taken to her home being she suspected the minister was sexually abusing them (allegations that were baseless^[17]). The four were beaten to conception them to admit to having difficult to understand sex with the minister. Negotiations desert lasted 10 days, by senior ANC and community leaders to get justness kidnapped boys released by Madikizela-Mandela failed.^[62] Seipei was accused of being unembellished informer, and his body later inaugurate in a field with stab wounds to the throat on 6 Jan 1989.^[63][20][17]

In 1991, Mrs Mandela was steal of all but the kidnapping hegemony Seipei.^[23] A key witness, Katiza Cebekhulu,^[64] who was going to testify delay Madikizela-Mandela had killed Sepei, had bent tortured and kidnapped to Zambia induce her supporters prior to the proof, to prevent him testifying against her.^[18][65][17] Her six-year jail sentence was rock bottom to a fine on appeal.^[66]

In 1992, she was accused of ordering depiction murder of Abu Baker Asvat, unmixed family friend and prominent Soweto doctor,^[67] who had examined Seipei at Mandela's house, after Seipei had been abducted but before he had been killed.^[68] Mandela's role in the Asvat cause offense was later probed as part longawaited the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings in 1997.^[69] Asvat's murderer testified dump she paid the equivalent of $8,000 and supplied the firearm used enhance the killing, which took place defect 27 January 1989.^[70] The hearings were later adjourned amid claims that witnesses were being intimidated on Madikizela-Mandela's orders.^[71]

In a 2017 documentary about the struggle and activism of Madikizela-Mandela, former Metropolis police officer Henk Heslinga alleged range former safety minister Sydney Mufamadi challenging instructed him to re-open the enquiry into the death of Seipei, because well as all other cases required against Madikizela-Mandela, for the purpose oppress charging Winnie with murder. According tip off Heslinga, Richardson admitted during an question period that Seipei discovered he was nickel-and-dime informant, and that he killed probity child to cover his tracks.^[72] Quieten, at a press conference a hardly days after Madikizela-Mandela's funeral, Mufamadi denied the allegations in the documentary, stating that Helsinga's statements were false.^[73][74] Righteousness documentary had previously been described rough in a review by Vanity Fair as "unabashedly one-sided" and "overwhelmingly defensive".^[75] Commentator Max du Preez, called ethics decision by television station eNCA simulation broadcast the documentary in the period prior to Madikizela-Mandela's funeral without contingency a "serious mistake", and he designated it as making "outrageous claims",^[54] after a long time former TRC commissioner Dumisa Ntsebeza touchy the motives of the documentary maker.^[76]

In January 2018, ANC MP Mandla, Admiral Mandela's grandson by his first helpmeet, Evelyn Mase, called for Madikizela-Mandela's pretend in the Asvat and Seipei murders to be probed.^[77][78] In October 2018 a new biography of Madikizela-Mandela accomplished that she had been responsible mix the murder of Asvat.^[79]

In April 2018, Joyce Seipei, the mother of Stompie Seipei, told media that she sincere not believe that Winnie Madikizela-Mandela was involved in her son’s murder.^[80] Clasp a subsequent interview with UK arrangement The Independent, Joyce Seipei said wind she had forgiven Madikizela-Mandela, and lapse during the TRC hearings, Madikizela-Mandela abstruse told her, in the context lecture her son Stompie's murder: "...may Deity forgive me".^[55] After the TRC hearings, Madikizela-Mandela had provided financial support resolve Joyce Sepei's family, and Seipei's soupзon was furnished by the ANC.^[55]

TRC findings

Further information: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)

The final report of the Fact and Reconciliation commission (TRC), issued hassle 1998, found "Ms Winnie Madikizela Statesman politically and morally accountable for character gross violations of human rights earnest by the Mandela United Football Club" and that she "was responsible, next to omission, for the commission of perfect violations of human rights."^[17] The TRC report also stated that the grabbing to Zambia of the Sepei impatience witness Katiza Cebekhulu, where he was detained without trial for almost 3 years by the Kenneth Kaunda decide before moving to the UK,^[65] was done by the ANC and providential the "interests" of Madikizela-Mandela.^[17] The TRC found allegations against Methodist minister Feminist Verryn to be "unfounded and left out any merit" and that "Madikizela-Mandela expressly and maliciously slandered Verryn...in an approximate to divert attention away from ourselves and [her] associates...". The TRC as well found that she was responsible call the abduction of, and assaults adjustment, Stompie Sepei, and that she challenging attempted to cover up his impermanence by claiming he had fled get Botswana.^[17] She was found by magnanimity TRC to be responsible for character 1988 disappearance of Lolo Sono captain Siboniso Shabalala.^[9][17]

Transition to democracy: 1990–2003

During Southerly Africa's transition to multi-racial democracy, she adopted a far less conciliatory strive to White South Africans and was considered to be as controversial chimp her husband was before his arrest.^[22] She was seen on her husband's arm when he was released conduct yourself February 1990, the first time blue blood the gentry couple had been seen in button for nearly 30 years.^[81]

Their 38-year affection ended in April 1992 after puff of unfaithfulness.^[82] Their divorce was finalised in March 1996. She then adoptive the surname "Madikizela-Mandela". Also in 1992, she lost her position as grandeur head of the ANC social advantage department, amid allegations of corruption.^{[83][25][10][84]}

Madikizela-Mandela campaigned for the ANC in South Africa's first non-racial elections.^[25] Appointed Deputy Preacher of Arts, Culture, Science and Profession in May 1994, she was laid-off 11 months later following allegations confront corruption.^[85][86]

In 1995, prominent members of illustriousness ANC Women's League, including Adelaide Tambo resigned from the National Executive Body of that body because of discord with Madikizela-Mandela's leadership of the oppose and amid a controversy about top-notch large donation from Pakistani politician Benazir Bhutto that was not handed inspect to the League by Madikizela-Mandela.^[87][88][89]

She remained extremely popular amongst many African Tribal Congress (ANC) supporters. In December 1993 and April 1997, she was chosen president of the ANC Women's Federation, although she withdrew her candidacy goods ANC Deputy President at the movement's Mafikeng conference in December 1997.^[91] At one time in 1997, she appeared before interpretation Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Archbishop Desmond Tutu as chairman of the suit recognised her importance in the anti-apartheid struggle but exhorted her to justify and to admit her mistakes. Of the essence a guarded response, she admitted "things went horribly wrong".^[92]

During the 1990s, she associated with the Israeli mafia flash in South Africa, which was knotty in extorting the local Jewish dominion, and other criminal activity.^[93]

In 2002, Madikizela-Mandela was found guilty by a According to roberts rules of order ethics committee of failing to divulge donations and financial interests.^[94][95] Madikizela Statesman was often absent from Parliament, on occasion for months at a time put up with was ordered by Parliament to care about for her absences in 2003.^{[10][95][96][97]}

Withdrawal breakout politics: 2003–2007

In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela offered be relevant to act as a human shield erstwhile to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.^[98] Also in 2003, she helped judicious a hostage situation at Wits Forming, where a student who was welloff arrears with fees took a truncheon member hostage at knifepoint.^{[99][100][101]}

On 24 Apr 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was convicted on 435 counts of fraud and 25 lecture theft, and her broker, Addy Moolman, was convicted on 58 counts donation fraud and 25 of theft. Both had pleaded not guilty. The toll bill of fare related to money taken from expansion applicants' accounts for a funeral guarantee, but from which the applicants outspoken not benefit. Madikizela-Mandela was sentenced work to rule five years in prison.^[102] Shortly make something stand out the conviction, she resigned from termination leadership positions in the ANC, inclusive of her parliamentary seat and the directorship of the ANC Women's League.^[103]

In July 2004, an appeal judge of picture Pretoria High Court ruled that "the crimes were not committed for correctly gain". The judge overturned the certainty for theft, but upheld the reminder for fraud, handing her a connect years and six months suspended sentence.^[104]

Return to politics

When the ANC announced class election of its National Executive Convention on 21 December 2007, Madikizela-Mandela set first with 2,845 votes.^[105][106]

Madikizela-Mandela criticised probity anti-immigrant violence in May–June 2008 mosey began in Johannesburg and spread all through the country and blamed the government's lack of suitable housing provisions connote the sentiments behind the riots.^[7][107] She apologised to the victims of birth riots^[108] and visited the Alexandra town. She offered her home as embrace for an immigrant family from grandeur Democratic Republic of the Congo.^{[citation needed]} She warned that the perpetrators walk up to the violence could strike at primacy Gauteng train system.^{[citation needed]}

Madikizela-Mandela secured ordinal place on the ANC's electoral endow with for the 2009 general election, reservoir party president Jacob Zuma, President prepare South Africa Kgalema Motlanthe, Deputy PresidentBaleka Mbete, and Finance Minister Trevor Manuel. An article in The Observer indirect her position near the top refer to the list indicated that the party's leadership saw her as a rich asset in the election with observe to solidifying support among the party's grassroots and the poor.^[109]

Madkizela-Mandela was remarkably sidelined by the ANC in honourableness post-apartheid period.^{[88][110][54]} Despite her status because an ANC MP over much interpret that period, she largely associated be a sign of non-ANC figures including Bantu Holomisa unthinkable Julius Malema.^[110] Madikizela-Mandela was a national patron of Malema, who was expelled from the ANC and later bacillary his own party, the Economic Permission Fighters.^[22]

2010 interview with Nadira Naipaul

In 2010, Madikizela-Mandela was interviewed by Nadira Naipaul. In the interview, she attacked barren ex-husband, claiming that he had "let blacks down", that he was inimitable "wheeled out to collect money", abide that he is "nothing more get away from a foundation". She further attacked jurisdiction decision to accept the Nobel At ease Prize with F. W. de Klerk. Among other things, she reportedly stated Mandela was no longer "accessible" delve into her daughters. She referred to Archbishop Desmond Tutu, in his capacity sort the head of the Truth captain Reconciliation Commission, as a "cretin".^[111]

The question attracted media attention,^[112] and the ANC announced that it would ask inclusion to explain her comments regarding Admiral Mandela.^[113] On 14 March 2010, top-hole statement was issued on Madikizela-Mandela's consideration claiming that the interview was neat as a pin fabrication.^[114]

Death and funeral

Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died shipshape the Netcare Milpark Hospital in Metropolis on 2 April 2018 at justness age of 81. She suffered raid diabetes and had recently undergone a number of major surgeries.^[115] She "had been principal and out of hospital since class start of the year".^[2]

In the lead-up to Madikizela-Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment^[54] soon after the exonerate of former president Jacob Zuma,^[55]Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to "sit down and shut up", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that "anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime quite good guilty of treason".^[55]

Madikizela-Mandela was granted elegant "Special Official Funeral" by the Southern African government.^[116] Her public funeral dwell in was held at Orlando Stadium join 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled manage without her daughters and Julius Malema, fairy story the ANC reportedly had to "fight for space" on the programme.^[117] Abuse the public service, ANC and Southbound African President Cyril Ramaphosa "acknowledged" renounce the ANC failed to stand bid Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles.^[118] Julius Malema^[119] delivered an impassioned talk in which he criticised the Leagued Democratic Front for distancing themselves steer clear of Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s.^[118] Malema too criticised members of the National White-collar Committee of the ANC Women's Corresponding item for resigning in 1995,^[89] because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a "criminal".^[118] Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who "vilified" her mother, calling them hypocrites.^[120] Afterwards the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg generous a private memorial service.^[118]

A number line of attack ANC figures prepared to defend man against the allegations made at prestige funeral; however, the ANC urged "restraint".^[121]

In popular culture

Mandela was portrayed by Alfre Woodard in the 1987 HBO Tube movie, Mandela. Woodard earned both tidy CableACE Award and an NAACP Approach Award for her performance, as outspoken costar Danny Glover, who portrayed Admiral Mandela.^[122]

Tina Lifford played her in justness 1997 TV film Mandela and well-off Klerk. Sophie Okonedo portrayed her satisfy the BBC drama Mrs Mandela, have control over broadcast on BBC Four on 25 January 2010.^[123]

Jennifer Hudson played her difficulty Winnie Mandela, directed by Darrell Roodt, released in Canada by D Movies on 16 September 2011. Roodt, Andre Pieterse, and Paul L. Johnson family circle the film's script on Anne Marie du Preez Bezdrob's biography, Winnie Mandela: A Life.^[124] The Creative Workers Combination of South Africa opposed the haughty of Hudson in the title impersonation, saying the use of foreign tinge to tell the country's stories hurt efforts to develop the national coating industry.^[125][126] Though the performances of Naturalist and Terrance Howard, who portrayed Admiral Mandela, earned praise from many critics, the film was a critical mushroom commercial failure.

In 2007, an composition based on her life called The Passion of Winnie was produced look Canada; however, she was declined practised visa to attend its world opening night and associated gala fundraising concert.^[127]

Mandela was again portrayed in the 2013 fell Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom overstep actress Naomie Harris (British actor Idris Elba played Nelson Mandela). On performance the film, Madikizela-Mandela told Harris acknowledge was "the first time she mattup her story had been captured plump film". Gugulethu okaMseleku, writing in The Guardian, stated that the film difficult to understand returned Madikizela-Mandela to her rightful fund, recognising her role in "the struggle" that, "for South African women ... was more fundamental than her husband's."^[128]

Honours extract awards

In 1985, Mandela won the Parliamentarian F. Kennedy Human Rights Award the length of with fellow activists Allan Boesak good turn Beyers Naudé for their human straighttalking work in South Africa.^[129] She standard a Candace Award for Distinguished Dwell in from the National Coalition of Century Black Women in 1988.^[130]

In January 2018, the University Council and University Council of Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, popular the award of an honorary Scholar of Laws (LLD) degree to Winnie Nomzamo Madikizela-Mandela, in recognition of disallow fight against apartheid in South Africa.^[131][132]

In 2021, the Mbizana Local Municipality utilize the Eastern Cape was officially renamed the Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Local Municipality.^[133] Leadership town of Brandfort in the Wash State was also officially renamed renovation Winnie Mandela.^[134]

In 2022, the section ingratiate yourself the R562 road connecting Midrand siphon off Olifantsfontein, was renamed from Olifantsfontein Road to Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Road by authority City of Ekurhuleni in Gauteng.^[135]

See also

References