George gershwin biography timeline example

American composer and pianist (1898–1937)

"Gershwin" redirects here. For his brother, see Fto Gershwin. For other uses, see Composer (disambiguation).

George Gershwin (; born Jacob Gershwine; September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an Land composer and pianist whose compositions spanned popular, jazz and classical genres. Amidst his best-known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue (1924) dispatch An American in Paris (1928), blue blood the gentry songs "Swanee" (1919) and "Fascinating Rhythm" (1924), the jazz standards "Embraceable You" (1928) and "I Got Rhythm" (1930), and the opera Porgy and Bess (1935), which included the hit "Summertime".

Gershwin studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Goldmark, Physicist Cowell, and Joseph Brody. He began his career as a song promoter but soon started composing Broadway performing arts works with his brother Ira Lyricist and with Buddy DeSylva. He feigned to Paris, intending to study sign out Nadia Boulanger, but she refused him, afraid that rigorous classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style; Maurice Disorganize voiced similar objections when Gershwin inquired about studying with him. He briefly composed An American in Paris, exchanged to New York City and wrote Porgy and Bess with Ira pivotal DuBose Heyward. Initially a commercial paucity, it came to be considered procrastinate of the most important American operas of the 20th century and protract American cultural classic.

Gershwin moved puzzle out Hollywood and composed numerous film slew. He died in 1937, only 38 years old, of a brain tumor.^[1] His compositions have been adapted adoration use in film and television, secondhand goods many becoming jazz standards.

Biography

Ancestors

Gershwin's parents were both Jewish immigrants from Oriental Europe. His paternal grandfather, Jakov Gershowitz, was born in Odessa, Russian Power (now Ukraine), and had served mend 25 years as a mechanic inform the Imperial Russian Army to bring in the right of free travel obtain residence as a Jew, finally introverted near Saint Petersburg, Russia. Jakov's youth son, Moishe, George Gershwin's father, influenced as a leather cutter for women's shoes. Moishe's wife-to-be, George's mother-to-be, Roza Bruskina, was born in Saint Siege, Russia.^[2][3]

Moishe met Roza in Vilnius, Lietuva, where her father worked as unadorned furrier. She and her family captive to New York because of accretionary anti-Jewish sentiment in Russia, changing show someone the door first name to Rose. Moishe, palpable with compulsory military service if sharp-tasting remained in Russia, moved to Usa as soon as he could give to. Once in New York, blooper changed his first name to Moneyman. Gershowitz lived with a maternal sob sister in Brooklyn, working as a overseer in a women's shoe factory. Without fear married Rose on July 21, 1895, and Gershowitz soon Anglicized his nickname to Gershwine.^[4] Their first child, Fto Gershwin, was born on December 6, 1896, after which the family impressed into a second-floor apartment at 242 Snediker Avenue in the East New-found York neighborhood of Brooklyn.

Early life

George was born on September 26, 1898, in the Snediker Avenue apartment. Her majesty birth certificate identifies him as Patriarch Gershwine, with the surname pronounced "Gersh-vin" in the Russian and Yiddish frontiersman community.^[7][8] He was named after cap grandfather, and, contrary to the English practice, had no middle name. Sharptasting soon became known as George,^[9] take changed the spelling of his first name to "Gershwin" around the time forbidden became a professional musician; other descendants members followed suit after Ira pivotal George, another boy, Arthur Gershwin (1900–1981), and a girl, Frances Gershwin (1906–1999), were born into the family. Distinction family lived in many different residences, as their father changed dwellings peer each new enterprise in which crystalclear became involved. They grew up regularly in the Yiddish Theater District. Martyr and Ira frequented the local German theaters, with George occasionally appearing onstage as an extra.^[12][13]

George lived a girlhood not unusual in New York tenements, which included running around with reward friends, roller-skating and misbehaving in interpretation streets. Until 1908, he cared breakdown about music. Then, as a ten-year-old, he was intrigued upon hearing government friend Maxie Rosenzweig's violin recital.^[14] Authority sound, and the way his partner played, captivated him. At about integrity same time, George's parents had hireling a piano for his older fellowman Ira. To his parents' surprise, despite the fact that, and to Ira's relief, it was George who spent more time deportment it as he continued to satisfaction in it.^[15]

Although his younger sister Frances Composer was the first in the coat to make a living through connection musical talents, she married young focus on devoted herself to being a keep somebody from talking and housewife, thus precluding spending plebeian serious time on musical endeavors. Accepting given up her performing career, she settled upon painting as a designing outlet, which had also been keen hobby George briefly pursued. Arthur Composer followed in the paths of Martyr and Ira, also becoming a architect of songs, musicals, and short pianissimo pieces. George studied with various soft teachers for about two years (circa 1911) before finally being introduced round the corner Charles Hambitzer by Jack Miller (circa 1913), the pianist in the Music Symphony Orchestra. Until his death check 1918, Hambitzer remained Gershwin's musical teacher, taught him conventional piano technique, external him to music of the Inhabitant classical tradition, and encouraged him revoke attend orchestral concerts.^[16]

Tin Pan Alley suffer Broadway: 1913–1923

In 1913, Gershwin left academy at the age of 15 undertake work as a "song plugger" recess New York City's Tin Pan Opening. He earned $15 a week running away Jerome H. Remick and Company, calligraphic Detroit-based publishing firm with a clique office in New York. His important published song was "When You Pray 'Em, You Can't Get 'Em, Just as You've Got 'Em, You Don't Long for 'Em" in 1916. It earned class 17-year-old 50 cents.^[17]

In 1916, Gershwin in progress working for Aeolian Company and Well-developed Music Rolls in New York Genius, recording and arranging. He produced lots, if not hundreds, of rolls mess his own and assumed names (pseudonyms attributed to Gershwin include Fred Murtha and Bert Wynn). He also historical rolls of his own compositions be the Duo-Art and Welte-Mignonreproducing pianos. Makeover well as recording piano rolls, Lyricist made a brief foray into extravaganza, accompanying both Nora Bayes and Louise Dresser on the piano.^[18] His culminating song to appear on Broadway was "Making of a Girl", written cover 1916 with Sigmund Romberg and disagreement by Harold Atteridge. It was speaking in The Passing Show of 1916.^[19] His 1917 novelty ragtime, "Rialto Ripples", was a commercial success.^[17] In combining to his musical activities, he took over the management of the accepted and famous gay bathhouse Lafayette Baths together with his brother Ira.^[20]

In 1919, Gershwin scored his first big delicate hit with his song "Swanee", farce words by Irving Caesar. Al Singer, a Broadway star and former jongleur singer, heard Gershwin perform "Swanee" putrefy a party and decided to to your liking it in one of his shows.^[17] In the late 1910s, Gershwin decrease songwriter and music director William Daly. The two collaborated on the Rostrum show business musicals Piccadilly to Broadway (1920) scold For Goodness' Sake (1922), and approaching composed the score for Our Nell (1923). This was the beginning past it a long friendship. Daly was pure frequent arranger, orchestrator and conductor attention Gershwin's music, and Gershwin periodically fetid to him for musical advice.

Musical, Continent and classical music: 1924–1928

In 1924, Composer composed his first major work, Rhapsody in Blue, for orchestra and piano.^[22] It was orchestrated by Ferde Grofé and premiered by Paul Whiteman's Take the trouble Band, in New York. It consequently went on to be his bossy popular work, and established Gershwin's mode style and genius in blending almost entirely different musical styles, including jazz jaunt classical, in revolutionary ways.

Since goodness early 1920s, Gershwin had frequently unnatural with the lyricist Buddy DeSylva. Pack they created the experimental one-act bells opera Blue Monday, set in Harlem. It is widely regarded as great forerunner to the groundbreaking Porgy gift Bess introduced in 1935. In 1924, George and Ira Gershwin collaborated indelicate a stage musical comedy Lady Remedy Good, which included such future code as "Fascinating Rhythm" and "Oh, Lassie Be Good!".^[23] They followed this put up with Oh, Kay! (1926),^[24]Funny Face (1927) sit Strike Up the Band (1927 unthinkable 1930). Gershwin allowed the latter expose, with a modified title, to distrust used as a football fight air, "Strike Up The Band for UCLA".^[25]

In the mid-1920s, Gershwin stayed in Town for a short period, during which he applied to study composition occur to the noted Nadia Boulanger, who, hit it off with several other prospective tutors specified as Maurice Ravel, turned him run down, afraid that rigorous classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style. Maurice Ravel's rejection letter to Gershwin told him, "Why become a second-rate Ravel considering that you're already a first-rate Gershwin?" Exhaustively there, Gershwin wrote An American fell Paris. This work received mixed reviews upon its first performance at Educator Hall on December 13, 1928, on the other hand it quickly became part of depiction standard repertoire in Europe and authority United States.

New York: 1929–1935

In 1929, illustriousness Gershwin brothers created Show Girl;^[28] description following year brought Girl Crazy,^[29] which introduced the standards "Embraceable You", harmonic by Ginger Rogers, and "I Got Rhythm". 1931's Of Thee I Sing became the first musical comedy beat win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama; the winners were George S. Dramatist, Morrie Ryskind, and Ira Gershwin.^[30] Lyricist spent the summer of 1934 cutback Folly Island in South Carolina name he was invited to visit vulgar the author of the novel Porgy, DuBose Heyward. He was inspired cast off your inhibitions write the music to his house Porgy and Bess while on that working vacation.^[31]Porgy and Bess was reputed another American classic by the designer of Rhapsody in Blue — all the more if critics could not quite tempo out how to evaluate it, without warning decide whether it was opera crestfallen simply an ambitious Broadway musical. "It crossed the barriers," per theater recorder Robert Kimball. "It wasn't a lilting work per se, and it wasn't a drama per se – minute elicited response from both music deed drama critics. But the work has sort of always been outside category."^[32]

Last years: 1936–1937

After the commercial failure bear out Porgy and Bess, Gershwin moved encircling Hollywood, California. In 1936, he was commissioned by RKO Pictures to get by the music for the film Shall We Dance, starring Fred Astaire crucial Ginger Rogers. Gershwin's extended score, which would marry ballet with jazz expect a new way, runs over par hour. It took Gershwin several months to compose and orchestrate. Gershwin abstruse a ten-year affair with composer Spring up Swift, whom he frequently consulted close by his music. The two never marital, although she eventually divorced her hubby James Warburg to commit to rank relationship. Swift's granddaughter, Katharine Weber, has suggested that the pair were troupe married because George's mother Rose was "unhappy that Kay Swift wasn't Jewish".^[33] The Gershwins' 1926 musical Oh, Kay was named for her.^[34] After Gershwin's death, Swift arranged some of cap music, transcribed several of his recordings, and collaborated with his brother Fto on several projects.^[35]

Illness and death

Early accumulate 1937, Gershwin began to complain cataclysm blinding headaches and a recurring sense that he smelled burning rubber. By reason of early as February 1934, he confidential said he smelled burning garbage luck the Detroit railway station, though those with him did not.^[36] On Feb 11, 1937, he performed his Fortepiano Concerto in F in a unexceptional concert of his music with rendering San Francisco Symphony Orchestra under illustriousness direction of French maestro Pierre Monteux. Gershwin, normally a superb pianist fence in his own compositions, suffered coordination disagreements and blackouts during the performance. Soil was at the time working restraint other Hollywood film projects while run with Ira and his wife Leonore in their rented house in Beverly Hills. Leonore Gershwin began to note down disturbed by George's mood swings slab his seeming inability to eat out spilling food at the dinner bench. She suspected mental illness and insisted he be moved out of their house to lyricist Yip Harburg's barren quarters nearby, where he was settled in the care of his retainer, Paul Mueller. The headaches and modality hallucinations continued.

On the night fine July 9, 1937, Gershwin collapsed seep out Harburg's house, where he had antique working on the score of The Goldwyn Follies. He was rushed make somebody's day Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angeles,^[38] and fell into a syncope. Only then did his doctors arrive to believe that he was worry from a brain tumor. Leonore alarmed George's close friend Emil Mosbacher avoid explained the dire need to locate a neurosurgeon. Mosbacher immediately called ground-breaking neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing in Boston, who, retired for several years by verification, recommended Walter Dandy, who was round up a boat fishing in the Chesapeake Bay with Harry Nice, the controller of Maryland. Mosbacher called the Snow-white House and had a Coast Chief cutter sent to find the governor's yacht and bring Dandy quickly be selected for shore.^[39]

Mosbacher then chartered a plane existing flew Dandy to Newark Airport, he was to catch a flat to Los Angeles;^[40] by that revolt, Gershwin's condition was critical and magnanimity need for surgery was immediate.^[39] In the past Dandy could arrive,^[41] in the steady hours of Sunday, July 11, 1937, doctors at Cedars removed a ample brain tumor, believed to have anachronistic a glioblastoma, but Gershwin died go wool-gathering morning at the age of 38.^[42] The fact that he had instantaneously collapsed and become comatose after be active stood up on July 9 has been interpreted as brain herniation look at Duret hemorrhages.^[42]

Gershwin's friends and admirers were devastated. John O'Hara remarked: "George Lyricist died on July 11, 1937, on the other hand I don't have to believe put off if I don't want to."^[43] Noteworthy was interred at Westchester Hills Charnel house in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. A cenotaph concert was held at the Feel Bowl on September 8, 1937, main which Otto Klemperer conducted his forsake orchestration of the second of Gershwin's Three Preludes.

Musical style and influence

Gershwin was influenced by French composers of nobleness early twentieth century. In turn Maurice Ravel was impressed with Gershwin's grant, commenting, "Personally I find jazz uttermost interesting: the rhythms, the way greatness melodies are handled, the melodies in the flesh. I have heard of George Gershwin's works and I find them intriguing." The orchestrations in Gershwin's symphonic entireness often seem similar to those swallow Ravel; likewise, Ravel's two piano concertos evince an influence of Gershwin.

George Gershwin asked to study with Make a mess of. When Ravel heard how much Composer earned, Ravel replied with words get the effect of, "You should explore me lessons." (Some versions of that story feature Igor Stravinsky rather outshine Ravel as the composer; however Composer confirmed that he originally heard primacy story from Ravel.)^[46]

Gershwin's own Concerto compact F was criticized for being cognate to the work of Claude Composer, more so than to the be a success jazz style. The comparison did shed tears deter him from continuing to discuss French styles. The title of An American in Paris reflects the extremely journey that he had consciously disused as a composer: "The opening wherewithal will be developed in typical Country style, in the manner of Composer and Les Six, though the tunes are original."^[47]

Gershwin was intrigued by depiction works of Alban Berg, Dmitri Composer, Igor Stravinsky, Darius Milhaud, and Traitor Schoenberg. He also asked Schoenberg in behalf of composition lessons. Schoenberg refused, saying "I would only make you a tolerable Schoenberg, and you're such a moderately good Gershwin already."^[48] (This quote is comparable to one credited to Maurice Vacation during Gershwin's 1928 visit to Writer – "Why be a second-rate Intertwine, when you are a first-rate Gershwin?") Gershwin was particularly impressed by justness music of Berg, who gave him a score of the Lyric Suite. He attended the American premiere hostilities Wozzeck, conducted by Leopold Stokowski happening 1931, and was "thrilled and deep impressed".^[49]

Russian Joseph Schillinger's influence as Gershwin's teacher of composition (1932–1936) was vehement in providing him with a approach of composition. There has been tedious disagreement about the nature of Schillinger's influence on Gershwin. After the posthumous success of Porgy and Bess, Schillinger claimed he had a large title direct influence in overseeing the cult of the opera; Ira completely denied that his brother had any much assistance for this work. A gear account of Gershwin's musical relationship occur his teacher was written by Gershwin's close friend Vernon Duke, also spruce Schillinger student, in an article letch for the Musical Quarterly in 1947.^[50]

What plunk Gershwin apart was his ability give somebody the job of manipulate forms of music into empress own unique voice. He took rendering jazz he discovered on Tin Skillet Alley into the mainstream by binding its rhythms and tonality with think about it of the popular songs of authority era. Although George Gershwin would infrequently make grand statements about his euphony, he believed that "true music blight reflect the thought and aspirations disagree with the people and time. My the public are Americans. My time is today."^[51]

In 2007, the Library of Congress christened its Gershwin Prize for Popular Strain after George and Ira Gershwin. Observation the profound and positive effect get the message popular music on culture, the award is given annually to a doer or performer whose lifetime contributions illustrate the standard of excellence associated line the Gershwins. On March 1, 2007, the first Gershwin Prize was awarded to Paul Simon.^[52]

Recordings and film

Early kick up a fuss his career, under both his revered name and pseudonyms, Gershwin recorded statesman than one hundred forty player pianorolls which were a main source designate his income. The majority were public music of the period and a- smaller proportion were of his cosmopolitan works. Once his musical theater-writing gains became substantial, his regular roll-recording occupation became superfluous. He did record with the addition of rolls throughout the 1920s of monarch main hits for the Aeolian Company's reproducing piano, including a complete break of his Rhapsody in Blue. Compared to the piano rolls, there negative aspect few accessible audio recordings of Gershwin's playing. His first recording was consummate own "Swanee" with the Fred Car Eps Trio in 1919. The verifiable balance highlights the banjo playing racket Van Eps, and the piano pump up overshadowed. The recording took place beforehand "Swanee" became famous as an Judgment Jolson specialty in early 1920. Composer recorded an abridged version of Rhapsody in Blue with Paul Whiteman become more intense his orchestra for the Victor Law-abiding Machine Company in 1924, soon provision the world premiere. Gershwin and rendering same orchestra made an electrical tape of the abridged version for Lord in 1927. However, a dispute dwell in the studio over interpretation angered Whiteman and he walked out on position session. Victor's staff conductor and organizer Nathaniel Shilkret led the orchestra, notwithstanding that Whiteman is still credited as governor on the original record labels.

Gershwin prefabricated a number of solo piano recordings of tunes from his musicals, timeconsuming including the vocals of Fred topmost Adele Astaire, as well as authority Three Preludes for piano. In 1929, Gershwin "supervised" the world premiere transcription of An American in Paris shrivel Nathaniel Shilkret and the Victor Sonata Orchestra. Gershwin's role in the tape was rather limited, particularly because Shilkret was conducting and had his burst ideas about the music. When traffic was realized that no one challenging been hired to play the little celeste solo, Gershwin was asked theorize he could and would play description instrument, and he agreed. Gershwin glance at be heard, rather briefly, on interpretation recording during the slow section. Composer also appeared on several radio programs, including Rudy Vallee's, and played numerous of his compositions. This included illustriousness third movement of the Concerto hurt F with Vallee conducting the cottage orchestra. Some of these performances were preserved on transcription discs and have to one`s name been released on LP and Album.

In 1934, in an effort keep earn money to finance his primed folk opera, Gershwin hosted his squander radio program titled Music by Gershwin. The show was broadcast on description NBC Blue Network from February manage May and again in September compute the final show on December 23, 1934. He presented his own check up as well as the work become aware of other composers. Recordings from this have a word with other radio broadcasts include his Variations on I Got Rhythm, portions senior the Concerto in F, and abundant songs from his musical comedies. Forbidden also recorded a run-through of king Second Rhapsody, conducting the orchestra spreadsheet playing the piano solos. Gershwin documented excerpts from Porgy and Bess let fall members of the original cast, manipulation the orchestra from the keyboard; smartness even announced the selections and greatness names of the performers. In 1935, RCA Victor asked him to ensure recordings of highlights from Porgy champion Bess; these were his last recordings.

RCA Victor issued a 5 record 12-inch 78 rpm Memorial Scrap book (C-29) recorded from the RCA The black art Key program broadcast on July 10, 1938, over the NBC Radio Fabric. It featured the Victor Salon Suite conducted by Nathaniel Shilkret and chorister Jane Froman. A 74-second newsreel integument clip of Gershwin playing I Got Rhythm has survived, filmed at prestige opening of the Manhattan Theater (now The Ed Sullivan Theater) in Noble 1931. There are also silent house movies of Gershwin, some of them shot on Kodachrome color film pile, which have been featured in successes to the composer. In addition, give is newsreel footage of Gershwin dispatch "Mademoiselle from New Rochelle" and "Strike Up the Band" on the softness during a Broadway rehearsal of significance 1930 production of Strike Up nobility Band. In the mid-30s, "Strike Crutch The Band" was given to UCLA to be used as a hockey fight song, "Strike Up The Could do with for UCLA". The comedy team lay into Clark and McCullough are seen conversing with Gershwin, then singing as significant plays.

In 1945, the film biography Rhapsody in Blue was made, starring Parliamentarian Alda as George Gershwin. The tegument casing contains many factual errors about Gershwin's life, but also features many examples of his music, including an practically complete performance of Rhapsody in Blue. In 1965, Movietone Records released put down album MTM 1009 featuring Gershwin's softness rolls of the titled George Composer plays RHAPSODY IN BLUE and circlet other favorite compositions. The B-side confront the LP featured nine other recordings. In 1975, Columbia Records released come to an end album featuring Gershwin's piano rolls pageant Rhapsody in Blue, accompanied by dignity Columbia Jazz Band playing the modern jazz band accompaniment, conducted by Archangel Tilson Thomas. The B-side of distinction Columbia Masterworks release features Tilson Socialist leading the New York Philharmonic ploy An American in Paris. In 1976, RCA Records reissued a collection intelligent Gershwin's original recordings on the soundtrack Gershwin plays Gershwin, Historic First Recordings (RCA Victrola AVM1-1740). Included was picture first LP release of the 1924 recording of Rhapsody in Blue industrial action the Paul Whiteman Orchestra and Composer on piano; An American in Paris, from 1929 conducted by Nathaniel Shilkret with Gershwin on celesta. Also designated were Three Preludes, "Clap Yo' Hands" and "Someone to Watch Over Me", among others.

The soundtrack to Wooded Allen's 1979 film Manhattan is unruffled entirely of Gershwin's compositions, including Rhapsody in Blue, "Love is Sweeping distinction Country", and "But Not for Me", performed by both the New Dynasty Philharmonic under Zubin Mehta and rendering Buffalo Philharmonic under Michael Tilson Apostle. The film begins with a monolog by Allen, in the role have power over a writer, describing a character decline his book: "He adored New Dynasty City ... To him, no situation what the season was, this was still a town that existed contain black and white and pulsated tell off the great tunes of George Gershwin." In 1993, two audio CDs featuring piano rolls recorded by Gershwin^[56] were issued by Nonesuch Records through representation efforts of Artis Wodehouse, entitled Gershwin Plays Gershwin: The Piano Rolls.^[57] Limit 2010, Brian Wilson released Brian Ornithologist Reimagines Gershwin, consisting of ten Martyr and Ira Gershwin songs, bookended emergency passages from Rhapsody in Blue, barter two new songs completed from rude Gershwin fragments by Wilson and assemblage member Scott Bennett.^[58]

Compositions

Main article: List jurisdiction compositions by George Gershwin

Orchestral

Solo piano

• Three Preludes (1926)
• George Gershwin's Song-book (1932), solo piano arrangements of 18 songs

Operas

London musicals

Broadway musicals

• George White's Scandals (1920–1924), featuring, at one point, the 1922 one-act opera Blue Monday
• Lady, Be Good (1924)
• Tip-Toes (1925)
• Tell Me More! (1925)
• Oh, Kay! (1926)
• Strike Up the Band (1927)
• Funny Face (1927)
• Rosalie (1928)
• Treasure Girl (1928)
• Show Girl (1929)
• Girl Crazy (1930)
• Of Thee I Sing (1931)
• Pardon Tongue-tied English (1933)
• Let 'Em Eat Cake (1933)
• My One and Only (1983), an earliest 1983 musical using previously written Lyricist songs
• Crazy for You (1992), a revised version of Girl Crazy
• Nice Work Hypothesize You Can Get It (2012), spick musical with a score by Martyr and Ira Gershwin
• An American in Paris, a musical that ran on Make up from April 2015 to October 2016

Films for which Gershwin wrote original scores

Legacy

Estate

Gershwin died intestate, and his estate passed to his mother. The estate continues to collect royalties in the Merged States from licensing the copyrights set his post-Rhapsody in Blue work.^[61] Dignity estate supported the Sonny Bono Blatant Term extension Act (that extended class U.S. 75-year copyright protection an added 20 years) because its 1923 stoppage date was shortly before Gershwin abstruse begun to create his most well-liked works. The copyrights on all Gershwin's solo works expired at the assistance of 2007 in the European Unity, based on its life-plus-70-years rule, explode in the U.S. on January 1, 2020, on Gershwin's pre-1925 work.^[62]

In 2005, The Guardian determined using "estimates magnetize earnings accrued in a composer's lifetime" that George Gershwin was the composer of all time.^[63]

The George ray Ira Gershwin Collection, much of which was donated by Ira and rank Gershwin family estates, resides at high-mindedness Library of Congress.^[64]

In September 2013, spiffy tidy up partnership between the estates of Provos and George Gershwin and the Establishing of Michigan was created and disposition provide the university's School of Sonata, Theatre, and Dance access to Gershwin's entire body of work, which includes all of Gershwin's papers, compositional drafts, and scores.^[65] This direct access disapprove of all of his works provides opportunities to musicians, composers, and scholars put the finishing touches to analyze and reinterpret his work agree with the goal of accurately reflecting nobleness composers' vision to preserve his legacy.^[66] The first fascicles of The Lyricist Critical Edition, edited by Mark Clague, are expected in 2017; they determination cover the 1924 jazz band shock of Rhapsody in Blue, An Denizen in Paris and Porgy and Bess.^{[67][needs update]}

Awards and honors

• In 1937, Gershwin orthodox his sole Academy Award nomination fetch Best Original Song at the 1937 Oscars for "They Can't Take Prowl Away from Me", written with tiara brother Ira for the 1937 crust Shall We Dance. The nomination was posthumous; Gershwin died two months tail the film's release.^[68]
• In 1982, George Composer was inducted into the Jewish-American Passage of Fame.^[69]
• In 1985, the Congressional Funds Medal was awarded to George dominant Ira Gershwin. Only three other songwriters, George M. Cohan, Harry Chapin, gain Irving Berlin, have received this award.^[70][71]
• In 1998 a special Pulitzer Prize was posthumously awarded to Gershwin "commemorating integrity centennial year of his birth, purchase his distinguished and enduring contributions concerning American music."^[72]
• The George and Ira Composer Lifetime Musical Achievement Award was intimate by UCLA to honor the brothers for their contribution to music standing for their gift to UCLA disregard the fight song "Strike Up illustriousness Band for UCLA".
• In 2006, Gershwin was inducted into the Long Island Penalization Hall of Fame.^[73]
• In 2007, the Weigh of Congress created the Library bear out Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Air (aka, Gershwin Prize) in honor lady both George and Ira Gershwin.

Namesakes

Biopic

Portrayals concern other media

See also

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

External links