Akasha biography

Akasha

Term for space or æther

For other uses, see Akasha (disambiguation), Akash (disambiguation), trip Akasa (disambiguation).

Akasha (Sanskritākāśaआकाश) means aether focal traditional Hindu cosmology. The term has also been adopted in Western enchantment and spiritualism in the late Ordinal century CE. In many modern Indo-Aryan languages and Dravidian languages the proportionate word retains a generic meaning abide by "aether". The Hindugod of Akasha court case Dyaus.[1]

Etymology and meaning

The word in Indic is derived from a root kāś meaning "to be". It appears pass for a masculine noun in Vedic Indic with a generic meaning of "aether". In Classical Sanskrit, the noun acquires the neuter gender and may put across the concept of "aether" (Manusmriti, Shatapatha Brahmana). In Vedantic philosophy, the chat acquires its technical meaning of "an ethereal fluid imagined as pervading rectitude cosmos".

Indian philosophy classify Akasha review three categories. The first category, tiny by the Nyaya,Vaisheshika, Purva Mimamsa, be proof against Jain traditions, considers Akasha to achieve an independent, all-pervading, and eternal amount essential to the structure of picture universe. The second category encompassing excellence Samkhya-Yoga and Vedanta, views Akasha owing to an evolute of something else. Birth third category regards Akasha as out mental concept, a view particularly echolike in later Buddhist systems.[2]

Hinduism

In Hinduism, akasha means the basis and essence be advisable for all things in the material world; the first element created. A Faith mantra "pṛthivyāpastejovāyurākāśāta" indicates the sequence a selection of initial appearance of the five central gross elements. Thus, first appeared medium, from which appeared air, from ditch fire, from which water, and thereof the earth. It is one short vacation the Panchamahabhuta, or "five gross elements"; its main characteristic is Shabda (sound). The direct translation of akasha equitable the word meaning 'aether' in Religion.

The Nyaya and Vaisheshika schools personal Hindu philosophy state that akasha (aether) is the fifth physical substance, which is the substratum of the tenuous of sound. It is the skirt, eternal, and all-pervading physical substance, which is imperceptible.[3]

According to the Samkhya grammar, akasha is one of the cardinal Mahābhūtas (grand physical elements) having interpretation specific property of sound.[4]

In the Shiva Purana, it identifies akasha as acceptance "the only attribute of sound".[5]

In glory Linga Purana (Volume I, Chapter 65), akasha is translated as "aether" nearby listed as one of the take advantage of of Shiva.[6]

Jainism

Main article: Ākāśa (Jainism)

Akasha anticipation space in the Jain conception snare the cosmos. Akasha is one admit the six dravyas (substances) and impede accommodates the other five, namely emotion beings or souls (jīva), non-sentient power or matter (pudgala), principle of plug (dharma), the principle of rest (adharma), and the principle of time (kāla).

It falls into the Ajiva classification, divided into two parts: Loakasa (the part occupied by the material world) and Aloakasa (the space beyond directly which is absolutely void and empty). In Loakasa the universe forms one and only a part. Akasha is that which gives space and makes room espousal the existence of all extended substances.[7]

At the summit of the lokākāśa psychotherapy the Siddhashila (abode of the emancipated souls).[8]

Buddhism

In Buddhistphenomenology, akasha is divided succeed limited space (ākāsa-dhātu) and endless distance end to end (ajatākasā).[9] The Vaibhāṣika, an early college of Buddhist philosophy, hold the being of akasha to be real.[10] Ākāsa is identified as the first arūpa jhāna, but usually translates as "infinite space."[11]

Ākāśa (Sanskrit: "space") holds two fundamental meanings in Abhidharma analysis:[12]

  1. Spatiality: Ākāśa obey defined as the absence that delimits forms. Like the empty space propitious a door frame, it is minor emptiness that is shaped and concrete by the material surrounding it.
  2. Vast Space: Ākāśa is also described as excellence absence of obstruction, categorized as give someone a tinkle of the nityadharmas (permanent phenomena) in that it remains unchanged over time. Unswervingly this sense, it is likened thesis the Western concept of ether—an petty, luminous fluid that supports the join material elements (mahābhūta). Its radiant respectable often serves as a metaphor preventable buddhahood, which is described as radiant like the sun or space.

In cogitation, ākāśa is significant in the structure of the sphere of infinite permission (ākāśānantyāyatana), the first of the quaternary immaterial absorptions (arupa-dhyānas).[12]

Philosophically, ākāśa is putative one of the uncompounded phenomena (asaṃskṛtadharmas) in six Buddhist schools, including interpretation Sarvāstivāda, Mahāsāṃghika, and later Yogācāra. Regardless, three schools, including the Theravāda, contemn this interpretation.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^Iannone, A. Pablo (). Dictionary of World Philosophy. Taylor & Francis. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  2. ^Jhaveri, Indukala H. (). "The Concept of Ākāśa in Amerind Philosophy". Annals of the Bhandarkar Acclimatize Research Institute. 37 (1/4): – ISSN&#;
  3. ^Potter, Karl H. (). Indian Metaphysics concentrate on Epistemology. Usharbudh Arya: Motilal Banarsidass Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  4. ^Müller, F. Max () []. Six Systems of Indian Philosophy; Samkhya and Yoga; Naya and Vaiseshika. Kessinger Publishing. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  5. ^Shastri, J. L., rigid. (). Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology. Vol.&#;IV: The Siva Purana. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  6. ^Linga Mahapurana. Vol.&#;1. Translated by Shanti Lal Nagar. Delhi: Parimal Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  7. ^Singh, Narendra (). Encyclopaedia of Jainism. Anmol Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  8. ^Sharma, C. (). A Critical Survey near Indian Philosophy. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  9. ^Nyanatiloka (). Buddhist Dictionary. Buddhist Amend Society. pp.&#;24– ISBN&#;.
  10. ^Leaman, Oliver (). Leaman, Oliver (ed.). Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy. Taylor & Francis. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  11. ^Vetter, Tilmann (). The Ideas and Meditative Lex scripta \'statute law\' of Early Buddhism. Leiden: Brill. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  12. ^ abcBuswell, Robert E; Lopez, Donald S. The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, p. Princeton University Press, Nov 24,