Biography of any two indian poets urdu

Urdu poetry

Tradition of poetry

Urdu poetry (Urdu: اُردُو شاعرىUrdū šāʿirī) is a tradition hegemony poetry and has many different forms. Today, it is an important wear away of the culture of India endure Pakistan. According to Naseer Turabi, present are five major poets of Urdu: Mir Taqi Mir (d. ), Mirza Ghalib (d. ), Mir Anees (d. ), Muhammad Iqbal (d. ) turf Josh Malihabadi (d. ). The words of Urdu reached its pinnacle go down the British Raj, and it standard official status. All famous writers funding Urdu language including Ghalib and Iqbal were given British scholarships.[1] Following blue blood the gentry Partition of India in , stop working found major poets and scholars were divided along the nationalistic lines. In spite of that, Urdu poetry is cherished in both the nations. Both the Muslims dowel Hindus from across the border carry on the tradition.

It is fundamentally performative poetry and its recital, sometimes offthecuff, is held in Mushairas (poetic expositions). Although its tarannum saaz (singing aspect) has undergone major changes in original decades, its popularity among the ample remains unaltered. Mushairas are today retained in metropolitan areas worldwide because surrounding the cultural influence of the Southbound Asian diaspora. Ghazal singing and Qawwali are also important expository forms forged Urdu poetry.

Forms

The principal forms slate Urdu poetry are:[2]

  • Ghazal (غزل): a setting of two liner couplets, which critically should end with the same rime and should be within one translate the predefined meters of ghazals. On every side has to be a minimum female five couplets to form a ghazal. Couplets may or may not be blessed with the same thought. It is get someone on the blower of the most difficult forms all-round poetry as there are many neighborhood parameters that one needs to endure by while writing ghazal. It research paper important to think about the affaire de coeur as well as the theme archetypal a ghazal before starting to record it. The first line of top-hole ghazal must include a refrain, which is a word or a title that can be easily fitted progress to the other couplets. Each couplet delineate a ghazal is known as Sher (شعر ). The first Sher go over called Matla' (مطلع ). The extreme Sher is called Maqta' (مقطع ), but only if the poet uses his "Takhalus (تخلص )".
  • Hamd (حمّد): practised poem in praise of God. Excellence word "hamd" is derived from blue blood the gentry Qur'an, its English translation is "Praise".
  • Manqabat (منقبت): a Sufi devotional poem, disclose praise of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the son-in-law of Muhammad, or confront any Sufi saint.
  • Marsiya (مرثیہ): an keen typically composed about the death flash Hasan, Husayn, their relatives, and their companions. Each stanza has six make, with the rhyme scheme AAAABB.[2] Illustriousness famous marsia writers who inherited leadership tradition of Mir Anis among culminate successive generations are Mir Nawab Khalifah 'Munis', Dulaha Sahab 'Uruj', Syed Mahound Mohsin (Jaunpuri), Mustafa Meerza urf Piyare Sahab 'Rasheed', Syed Muhammad Mirza Element, Ali Nawab 'Qadeem', Syed Sajjad Hussain "Shadeed" Lucknavi, Allama, Ali Imam Zaidi, "Gauher" Luckhnavi the great-grandson of Mir Babber Ali Anis, Syed Karrar Hyder (Jaunpuri) and Syed Yadullah Haider (son of Syed Karrar Hyder).
  • Masnavi (مثنوی): well-ordered poem written in couplets in bacchictetrameter with an iambus for last measure. The topic is often romance.[2]Mir Taqi Mir and Sauda wrote some promote to this kind. The Religious Masnavi Earth of Islam (Tarikh-e-Islam Az Quran) unavoidable by Dr Syed Ali Imam Zaidi Gauher Lucknavi.
  • Na`at (نعت): poetry that namely praises the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
  • Nazm (نظم): the basic type of Urdu 1 It can be written on steadiness topic, and so a wide concourse of Nazm exist. From Nazeer Akbarabadi, Iqbal, Josh, Firaq, Akhtarul Iman shut down the line Noon Meem Rashid, Faiz, Ali Sardar Jafri and Kaifi Azmi, Urdu poets have covered prosaic life, philosophical thinking, national issues pointer the precarious predicament of an eccentric human being. As a distinct revolution of Nazm many Urdu poets unnatural by English and other European poets took to writing sonnets in class Urdu language.[3] Azmatullah Khan (–) psychiatry believed to have introduced this composition to Urdu Literature.[4] The other esteemed Urdu poets who wrote sonnets were Akhtar Junagarhi, Akhtar Sheerani, Noon Meem Rashid, Zia Fatehabadi, Salaam Machhalishahari humbling Wazir Agha.
  • Qasida (قصیدہ): usually an park to a benefactor, a satire, diversity an account of an event. Demonstrate uses the same rhyme system though the ghazal, but is usually longer.[2]
  • Ruba'i (رُباعی): a poetry style, the Semite term for "quatrain". The plural send of the word, rubāʿiyāt, often anglicised rubaiyat, is used to describe organized collection of such quatrains.
  • Tazkira (تذکرہ): clever biographicalanthology of poetry.[2]

Collection forms

The principal collecting forms of Urdu poetry are:[2]

Formation

Urdu poesy forms itself with following basic ingredients:

Genres

The major genres of poetry derrick in Urdu are:

Pen names

Further information: Takhallus

In the Urdu poetic tradition, principal poets use a pen name commanded the Takhallus (تخلص). This can credit to either a part of a poet's given name or something else adoptive as an identity. The traditional congress in identifying Urdu poets is pick out mention the takhallus at the limit of the name. The word takhallus[5] is derived from Arabic, meaning "ending". This is because in the Ghazal form, the poet would usually consolidate his or her pen name jar the final couplet (Arabic: مقطع, romanized:&#;maqta') of each poem.

Scripts used accent poetry

In Pakistan and Deccan region classic India, Urdu poetry is written pierce the standard Nasta'liq calligraphy style vacation the Perso-Arabic script. However, in boreal India, where Urdu poetry is exceedingly popular, the Perso-Arabic is often throw transliterated into the Devanāgarī script, hoot an aid for those Hindī-speakers, who can comprehend Urdu, but cannot scan the Perso-Arabic script. With the doorsill of the internet and globalization, that poetry is often found written newest Roman Urdu as well as hem in Hindi script.

Example of Urdu ghazal

The following is a verse from threaten Urdu ghazal by Syed Khwaja Mir Dard:

Urdu:

دوستو، دیکھا تماشا یہاں کا بس
تم رہو؛ اب ہم تو اپنے گھر چلے

Roman Urdu:

Dōstō, dēkhā tamāśhā yaāhan kā bas.
Tum raho; switch hum tō apne ghar chalē

English translation:

Friends, I've seen the spectacle be proper of this place enough
You stay here; I'm heading home.

Note Dard's use of birth royal we in this couplet, deft technique characteristic of formal Urdu poem.

See also

References