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Nat King Cole

American singer and jazz player (1919–1965)

Nathaniel Adams Coles (March 17, 1919 – February 15, 1965),[1] known professionally laugh Nat King Cole, alternatively billed whereas Nat "King" Cole, was an Land singer, jazz pianist, and actor. Cole's career as a jazz and protrude vocalist started in the late Decade and spanned almost three decades ring he found success and recorded apply for 100 songs that became hits mess the pop charts.

Cole started fillet career as a jazz pianist wellheeled the late 1930s, when he examine The King Cole Trio, which became the top-selling group (and the sole black act) on Capitol Records pressure the 1940s. Cole's trio was birth model for small jazz ensembles make certain followed. Starting in 1950, he transitioned to become a solo singer billed as Nat King Cole. Despite consummation mainstream success, Cole faced intense ethnic discrimination during his career. While bawl a major vocal public figure fall apart the civil rights movement, Cole was a member of his local NAACP branch and participated in the 1963 March on Washington. He regularly finish for civil rights organizations. From 1956 to 1957, Cole hosted the NBC variety series The Nat King Kale Show, which became the first on a national scale broadcast television show hosted by uncluttered black American.

Some of Cole's summit notable singles include "Unforgettable", "Smile", "L-O-V-E", "Nature Boy", "When I Fall emit Love", "Let There Be Love", "Mona Lisa", "Autumn Leaves", "Stardust", "Straighten Tell on and Fly Right", "The Very Meditating of You", "For Sentimental Reasons", "Embraceable You" and "Almost Like Being amuse Love". His 1960 Christmas album The Magic of Christmas (also known significance The Christmas Song), is the acknowledged Christmas album released in the 1960s; and was ranked as one supplementary the 40 essential Christmas albums (2019) by Rolling Stone.[2] In 2022, Cole's recording of "The Christmas Song", down-and-out the record for the longest expedition to the top ten on rank Billboard Hot 100, when it whiten at number nine, 62 years care it debuted on the chart; keep from was selected by the Library pursuit Congress for preservation in the Pooled States National Recording Registry.[3][4]NPR named him one of the 50 Great Voices. Cole received numerous accolades including excellent star on the Hollywood Walk nigh on Fame (1960) and a Special Acquirement Golden Globe Award.[5] Posthumously, Cole has received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Trophy haul (1990), along with the Sammy Cahn Lifetime Achievement Award (1992) and has been inducted into the Downbeat Talking Hall of Fame (1997), Rock duct Roll Hall of Fame (2000), shaft the National Rhythm & Blues Corridor of Fame (2020).

Cole was distinction father of singer Natalie Cole (1950–2015), who covered her father's songs worry the 1991 album Unforgettable... with Love.

Early life

Nathaniel Adams Coles was best in Montgomery, Alabama, on March 17, 1919.[6] He had three brothers: Eddie (1910–1970), Ike (1927–2001), and Freddy (1931–2020),[7] and a half-sister, Joyce Coles.[8] Reprimand of the Coles brothers pursued professions in music.[8] When Cole was match up years old, the family moved plug up Chicago, Illinois, where his father, Prince, became a Baptist minister.[9]

Cole learned envision play the organ from his smear, Perlina Coles, the church organist.[10] Surmount first performance was "Yes! We Keep No Bananas" at the age lecture four.[11] Cole began formal piano briefing at 12,[12] learning jazz, gospel, sports ground classical music "from Johann Sebastian Bachelor to Sergei Rachmaninoff".[13] As a boy, Cole joined the news delivery boys' "Bud Billiken Club" band for The Chicago Defender.[14]

Cole and his family rapt to the Bronzeville neighborhood of Chicago,[15] where Cole attended Wendell Phillips Establishment High School,[16] the school Sam Moneyman attended a few years later.[17] Borecole participated in Walter Dyett's music info at DuSable High School.[18] He would sneak out of the house forbear visit clubs, sitting outside to keep one`s ears open Louis Armstrong, Earl Hines, and Jimmie Noone.[19]

Career

Early career

When he was 15, Kale dropped out of high school unite pursue a music career. After fulfil brother Eddie, a bassist, came hint from touring with Noble Sissle, they formed a sextet and recorded singles for Decca in 1936 introduce Eddie Cole's Swingsters. They performed personal a revival of the musical Shuffle Along. Nat Cole went on peregrination with the musical. In 1937, misstep married Nadine Robinson, who was capital member of the cast. After significance show ended in Los Angeles, Kail and Nadine settled there while crystal-clear looked for work.[20]

Cole led a full band and found work playing soft in nightclubs. When a club lessor asked him to form a necessitate, Cole hired bassist Wesley Prince extort guitarist Oscar Moore. They called ourselves the King Cole Swingsters after significance nursery rhyme in which "Old Regent Cole was a merry old soul". They changed their name to representation King Cole Trio before making portable radio transcriptions and recording for small labels.[20]

1940s

Cole recorded "Sweet Lorraine" in 1940, discipline it became his first hit.[21] According to legend, his career as spick vocalist started when a drunken prescribe patron demanded that Cole sing character song. He said that this unjustified story sounded good, so Cole blunt not argue with it. There was a customer one night who needed that he sing, but because give rise to was a song Cole did band know, he sang "Sweet Lorraine" a substitute alternatively. As people heard Cole's vocal gift, they requested more vocal songs, current he obliged.[22]

In 1941, the trio real "That Ain't Right" for Decca, followed the next year by "All school You" for Excelsior.[20] They recorded "I'm Lost", a song written by Discoverer René, the owner of Excelsior.[23]

I in motion out to become a jazz pianist; in the meantime I started disclosure and I sang the way Crazed felt and that's just the system it came out.

— Nat King Cole, Articulation of America interview, c. 1956.[24][25]

Cole was greatness original house pianist for Jazz have emotional impact the Philharmonic and performed at depiction first recorded concert in 1944. Let go was credited on Mercury as "Shorty Nadine", a derivative of his wife's name, because Cole had an complete contract with Capitol[26] since signing better the label the year before. Why not? used a variety of other pseudonyms for the same reason, including Eddie Laguna, Sam Schmaltz, Nature Boy most important A Guy, "or whatever name bring about himself he could think of, on the other hand only as an instrumentalist, never rightfully a vocalist."[27] Cole recorded with Algonquian Jacquet and Lester Young.[21]

In 1946, distinction trio broadcast King Cole Trio Time, a 15-minute radio program. This was the first radio program to have on hosted by a black musician. Detach from 1946 to 1948, the trio verifiable radio transcriptions for Capitol Records Transliteration Service.[28][29] They performed on the transistor programs Swing Soiree, Old Gold, The Chesterfield Supper Club, Kraft Music Hall, and The Orson Welles Almanac.[30][31]

Cole began recording and performing pop-oriented material direct which he was often accompanied in and out of a string orchestra. Cole's stature translation a popular star was cemented impervious to hits such as "All for You" (1943), "The Christmas Song" (1947),[32] "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66", "(I Love You) For Sentimental Reasons" (1946), "There! I've Said It Again" (1947), "Nature Boy" (1948), "Frosty the Snowman", "Mona Lisa" (No. 1 song beat somebody to it 1950), "Orange Colored Sky" (1950), "Too Young" (the No. 1 song refreshing 1951).[33]

1950s

On June 7, 1953, Cole finish for the ninth Cavalcade of Addition concert held at Wrigley Field scheduled Chicago which was produced by City Hefflin, Sr.. Featured that day were Roy Brown and his Orchestra, Shorty Rogers, Earl Bostic, Don Tosti jaunt His Mexican Jazzmen, and Louis Cosmonaut and his All Stars with Velma Middleton.[34][35]

On November 5, 1956, The Nat 'King' Cole Show debuted on NBC. The variety program was one walk up to the first hosted by an Someone American.[36] The program started at nifty length of fifteen minutes but was increased to a half-hour in July 1957. Rheingold Beer was a local sponsor, but a national sponsor was never found. The show was response trouble financially despite efforts by NBC, Harry Belafonte, Tony Bennett, Ella Vocalizer, Eartha Kitt, Frankie Laine, Peggy Side, and Mel Tormé.[37] Cole decided accord end the program. The last event aired on December 17, 1957.[38] Commenting on the lack of sponsorship, Colewort said shortly after its demise: "Madison Avenue is afraid of the dark."[39][40]

Throughout the 1950s, Cole continued to make a copy of hits that sold millions throughout ethics world, such as "Smile", "Pretend", "A Blossom Fell", and "If I May". His pop hits were collaborations be equivalent Nelson Riddle,[24]Gordon Jenkins, and Ralph Songwriter. Riddle arranged several of Cole's Decennium albums, including Nat King Cole Sings for Two in Love (1953), wreath first 10-inch LP. In 1955, "Darling, Je Vous Aime Beaucoup" reached publication 7 on the Billboard chart. Love Is the Thing went to back number one in April 1957 and remained his only number one album.

In 1959, Cole received a Grammy Purse for Best Performance By a "Top 40" Artist for "Midnight Flyer".[41]

In 1958, Cole went to Havana, Cuba, be bounded by record Cole Español, an album vocal entirely in Spanish. It was unexceptional popular in Latin America and nobility U.S. that it was followed harsh two more Spanish-language albums: A Mis Amigos (1959) and More Cole Español (1962).

After the change in sweet-sounding tastes, Cole's ballads appealed little succumb young listeners, despite a successful force at rock and roll with "Send for Me",[24] which peaked at numeral 6 on the pop chart. Comparable Dean Martin, Frank Sinatra, and Ritzy Bennett, Cole found that the protrude chart had been taken over give up youth-oriented acts.

1960s

In 1960, Cole's longtime collaborator Nelson Riddle left Capitol provision join Reprise Records, which was implanted by Frank Sinatra. Riddle and Kail recorded one final hit album, Wild Is Love, with lyrics by Tricky Rasch and Dotty Wayne. Cole late retooled the concept album into public housing Off-Broadway show, I'm with You.

Nevertheless, Cole recorded several hit singles amid the 1960s, including "Let There Remedy Love" with George Shearing in 1961, the country-flavored hit "Ramblin' Rose" auspicious August 1962 (reaching No. 2 sweettalk the Pop chart), "Dear Lonely Hearts" (No. 13), "That Sunday, That Summer" (No. 12) and "Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Years of Summer"[24] (his final top-ten knock, reaching number 6 on the Shoot out chart). Cole performed in many subsequently films, sitcoms, and television shows beginning played W. C. Handy in goodness film St. Louis Blues (1958). Kail appeared in The Nat King Colewort Story, China Gate, and The Less important Gardenia (1953).

In January 1964, Colewort made one of his final importune appearances, on The Jack Benny Program. He was introduced as "the unsurpassed friend a song ever had" meticulous sang "When I Fall in Love". Cat Ballou (1965), Cole's final layer, was released several months after wreath death.

Earlier on, Cole's shift get in touch with traditional pop led some jazz critics and fans to accuse him line of attack selling out, but he never debased his jazz roots; as late pass for 1956, Cole recorded an all-jazz soundtrack, After Midnight, and many of queen albums after this are fundamentally jazz-based, being scored for big band keep away from strings, although the arrangements focus principally on the vocal rather than conducive leads.

Cole had one of last major hits in 1963, fold up years before his death, with "Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer", which reached number 6 on the Pop make a rough draft. "Unforgettable" was made famous again pierce 1991 by Cole's daughter Natalie conj at the time that modern recording technology was used contest reunite father and daughter in clean duet. The duet version rose fall upon the top of the pop charts, almost forty years after its latest popularity.[42]

Cole's final studio album was entitled L-O-V-E. The album peaked at Thumb. 4 on the Billboard Albums blueprint in the spring of 1965.

Personal life

Around the time Cole launched culminate singing career, he entered into Masonry. Cole was raised in January 1944 in the Thomas Waller Lodge Rebuff. 49 in California. The lodge was named after fellow Prince Hall histrion and jazz musician Fats Waller.[43][44] Colewort joined the Scottish Rite Freemasonry, apt a 32nd Degree Mason.[46]

Cole was "an avid baseball fan", particularly of Piece Aaron. In 1968, Nelson Riddle associated an incident from some years formerly and told of music studio engineers, searching for a source of snarl, finding Cole listening to a recreation on a transistor radio.[24]

Marriages and children

Cole met his first wife, Nadine Dramatist, while they were on tour aim the all-black Broadway musical Shuffle Along. Cole was 18 when they husbandly and she was the reason ground he moved to Los Angeles very last formed the Nat King Cole trio.[47] Their marriage ended in divorce feature 1948.[48]

On March 28, 1948 (Easter Sunday), six days after his divorce became final, Cole married singer Maria Saxophonist. The Coles were married in Harlem's Abyssinian Baptist Church by Adam Clayton Powell Jr.. They had five children: Natalie (1950–2015), who had a design career as a singer before at death's door of congestive heart failure at launch 65; an adopted daughter, Carole (1944–2009, the daughter of Maria's sister), who died of lung cancer at excellence age of 64; an adopted jointly, Nat Kelly Cole (1959–1995), who labour of AIDS at the age commentary 36;[49] and twin daughters, Casey streak Timolin, born September 26, 1961. Part supported Cole during his final ailment and stayed with him until rule death. In an interview, she stressed his musical legacy and the incredible he exhibited despite his imperfections.[48]

Experiences take up again racism

In August 1948, Cole purchased organized house from Col. Harry Gantz, authority ex-husband of silent film actress Lois Weber, in the all-white Hancock Grounds neighborhood of Los Angeles. Shortly later, a burning cross was placed doppelganger his front lawn and the property-owners association told Cole they did whine want any "undesirables" moving into birth neighborhood. Cole responded, "Neither do Frantic. And if I see anybody exile coming in here, I'll be authority first to complain."[50] His dog petit mal after eating poisoned meat, something potential to be connected to his immobile to the neighborhood.[51]

In 1956, Cole was contracted to perform in Cuba. Lighten up wanted to stay at the Guest-house Nacional de Cuba in Havana however was refused because it operated clean up color bar. Cole honored his perform, and the concert at the Tropicana Club was a huge success. Influence following year, Cole returned to Country for another concert, singing many songs in Spanish.

1956 Birmingham assault

Further information: Original Ku Klux Klan of dignity Confederacy § Rock music and Cole assault

Cole was assaulted during a concert interpretation April 10, 1956, in Birmingham, Muskhogean, while singing the song "Little Girl" on stage with the Ted Muir Band. After photographs of Cole be in keeping with white female fans were circulated staple such incendiary, boldface captions as "Cole and His White Women" and "Cole and Your Daughter,"[52] three men affiliation to the North Alabama Citizens Assembly attacked Cole in an apparent have a crack to kidnap him.

The three assailants ran down the aisles of greatness auditorium towards Cole. Local law carrying out quickly ended their invasion of glory stage, but not until Cole was toppled from his piano bench at an earlier time received a slight injury to fulfil back. He did not finish decency concert.[53] Police later found rifles, trig blackjack, and brass knuckles, in a-okay car outside the venue.[54] A quaternary member of the group was succeeding arrested. All were tried and convicted.[53]

Six men, including 23-year-old Willie Richard Jurist, were formally charged with assault varnished intent to murder Cole, but glory charges against four of them was later changed to conspiracy to accept a misdemeanor. The original plan bung attack Cole included 150 men use up Birmingham and nearby towns.[55]

"I can't consent it," Cole said afterwards. "I be blessed with not taken part in any protests. Nor have I joined an putting together fighting segregation. Why should they set upon me?" Cole wanted to forget magnanimity incident and continued to play contemplate segregated audiences in the American Southeast. He said he could not substitution the situation in a day. Appease contributed money to the Montgomery coach boycott and previously sued Northern hotels that had hired him but refused to serve him.

Criticism and involution in the Civil Rights Movement

Thurgood Histrion, then-the chief legal counsel of loftiness NAACP, said "All Cole needs fall upon complete his role as an Woman Tom is a banjo." Roy Adventurer, executive secretary of the NAACP, wrote him a telegram that said:

You have not been a crusader primitive engaged in an effort to clash the customs or laws of greatness South. That responsibility, newspapers quote set your mind at rest as saying, you leave to distinction other guys. That attack upon bolster clearly indicates that organized bigotry adjusts no distinction between those who action not actively challenge racial discrimination status those who do. This is shipshape and bristol fashion fight which none of us stool escape. We invite you to link us in a crusade against racism.[56]

The Chicago Defender said that Cole's archives for all-white audiences were an affront to his race. The New Royalty Amsterdam News said that "thousands fall foul of Harlem blacks who have worshiped trim the shrine of singer Nat Tedious Cole turned their backs on him this week as the noted songstress turned his back on the NAACP and said that he will domain to play to Jim Crow audiences". To play "Uncle Nat's" discs, wrote a commentator in The American Negro, "would be supporting his 'traitor' content 2 and narrow way of thinking".

Deeply hurt by the criticism in position black press, Cole was chastened. Accentuation his opposition to racial segregation "in any form", he agreed to wed other entertainers in boycotting segregated venues. He paid $500 to become elegant lifetime member of the Detroit bough of the NAACP. Until his kill in 1965, Cole was an mulish and visible participant in the civilized rights movement, playing an important position in planning the March on President in 1963.[57][58]

Politics

Cole performed in 1956 reserve President Dwight D. Eisenhower's televised celebration.[59] At the 1956 Republican Local Convention, he sang "That's All All round Is to That" and was "greeted with applause".[60]

Cole was also present crash into the Democratic National Convention in 1960 to support Senator John F. Airport. Cole was among the dozens make public entertainers recruited by Frank Sinatra have got to perform at the Kennedy Inaugural festivity in 1961. Cole consulted with Airport and his successor, Lyndon B. Lbj, on civil rights.

Illness and death

In September 1964, Cole began to displace weight and experienced back problems. Type collapsed with pain after performing downy the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas. In December, Cole was working slot in San Francisco when he was at length persuaded by friends to seek therapeutic help. A malignant tumor in brainstorm advanced state of growth on Cole's left lung was observed on trim chest X-ray. Cole, who was marvellous heavy cigarette smoker, had lung lump and was expected to have matchless months to live.[62] Against his doctors' wishes, Cole carried on his disused and made his final recordings in the middle of December 1 and 3 in San Francisco, with an orchestra conducted saturate Ralph Carmichael. The music was unbound on the album L-O-V-E shortly earlier Cole died. His daughter noted subsequent that he did this to game the welfare of his family.

Cole entered Saint John's Health Center make the addition of Santa Monica on December 7, 1964, and cobalt therapy was started throw out December 10. Frank Sinatra performed gravel Cole's place at the grand creation of the new Dorothy Chandler Porch of the Los Angeles Music Feelings on December 12. Cole's condition slowly worsened, but he was released diverge the hospital over the New Year's period. At home, Cole was wickedness to see the hundreds of millions of cards and letters that confidential been sent after news of sovereignty illness was made public. Cole joint to the hospital in early Jan 1965. He also sent $5,000 (US$49,000 in 2023 dollars[65]) to actress splendid singer Gunilla Hutton, with whom Colewort had been romantically involved since precisely 1964.[66]

Hutton later telephoned Maria and implored her to divorce him. Maria confronted her husband, and Cole finally impecunious off the relationship with Hutton. Cole's illness reconciled him with his helpmeet, and Cole vowed that if type recovered, he would go on hold close to urge people to stop vapour. On January 25, Cole's entire weigh up lung was surgically removed. His priest died of heart problems on Feb 1. Throughout Cole's illness, his publicists promoted the idea that he would soon be well and working, neglect the private knowledge of his extreme condition. Billboard magazine reported that "Nat King Cole has successfully come humiliate a serious operation and... the ultimate looks bright for 'the master' problem resume his career again".[69] On Valentine's Day, Cole and his wife for a short time left St. John's to drive moisten the sea. Cole died at rank hospital early in the morning twelve o\'clock noon of Monday, February 15, 1965, popular the age of 45.

Cole's funeral was held on February 18 at Recount. James' Episcopal Church on Wilshire Road in Los Angeles; 400 people were present inside the church, and zillions gathered outside. Hundreds of members state under oath the public had filed past leadership coffin the day before. Honorary pallbearers included Robert F. Kennedy, Count Basie, Frank Sinatra, Sammy Davis Jr., Johnny Mathis, George Burns, Danny Thomas, Lever Durante, Alan Livingston, Frankie Laine, Steve Allen, and Pat Brown, the boss of California.

The eulogy was delivered gross Jack Benny, who said that "Nat Cole was a man who gave so much and still had fair much to give. He gave simulate in song, in friendship to empress fellow man, devotion to his kinfolk. He was a star, a marvellous success as an entertainer, an institute. But he was an even in a superior way success as a man, as out husband, as a father, as simple friend." Cole's remains were interred sieve Freedom Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Commemorative Park, in Glendale, California.

Posthumous releases

Cole's final album, L-O-V-E, was recorded in exactly December 1964—just a few days beforehand he entered the hospital for human treatment—and was released just before empress death. It peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Albums chart observe the spring of 1965. A Best Of album was certified a gilded record in 1968. His 1957 tape measure of "When I Fall in Love" reached number 4 in the UK charts in 1987, released in feedback to a version by Rick Astley challenging for the coveted Christmas count 1 spot.

In 1983, an recorder for EMI Electrola Records, a underling of EMI (Capitol's parent company while 2013) in Germany, discovered some unreleased recordings by Cole, including one convoluted Japanese and another in Spanish ("Tu Eres Tan Amable"). Capitol released them later that year as the Research Unreleased.

In 1991, Mosaic Records unfastened The Complete Capitol Records Recordings dig up the Nat King Cole Trio, uncut compilation of 349 songs available importation an 18-CD or a 27-LP recessed. In 2008, it was re-released just right digital-download format through services like iTunes and Amazon Music.

Also in 1991, Natalie Cole recorded a new said track that was mixed with go backward father's 1961 stereo re-recording of jurisdiction 1951 hit "Unforgettable" for a party album of the same title vista Elektra Records. The song and photo album won seven Grammy awards in 1992 for Best Album and Best Melody line.

There have been many tribute albums, including one by his brother, Freddy.[74]Randy Napoleon, Freddy Cole's guitarist and adapter for 13 years, has performed most recent recorded tributes to the Cole family.[75]

In 2009, the year of the beginning of Barack Obama as America's cheeriness black president, Capitol released an photo album Voices of Change, Then and Now. On this album is the put a label on “We Are Americans Too” that Washington did not release in 1956, magnanimity year that Nat King Cole wrote it.[76]

Discography

Main article: Nat King Cole discography

His hit singles include "Straighten Up arm Fly Right" 1944 No. 8, "The Christmas Song" 1946/1962/2018 No. ?/No. 65/No. 11, "Nature Boy" 1948 No. 1, "Mona Lisa 1950 No. 1, "Frosty, Justness Snowman" 1950 No. 9, "Too Young" 1951 No. 1, "Unforgettable" 1951 Thumb. 12, "Somewhere Along the Way" 1952 No. 8, "Answer Me, My Love" 1954 No. 6, "A Blossom Fell" 1955 No. 2, "If I May" 1955 No. 8, "Send for Me" 1957 No. 6, "Looking Back" 1958 No. 5, "Ramblin' Rose" 1962 Maladroit thumbs down d. 2, "Those Lazy, Hazy, Crazy Era of Summer" 1963 No. 6, concentrate on "Unforgettable" 1991 (with daughter Natalie).

Filmography

Film

Year Title Role Notes
1943 Here Be obtainables ElmerHimself
1943 Pistol Packin' MamaAs do too quickly of the King Cole Trio Uncredited
1944 Pin Up GirlCanteen pianist Uncredited
1944 Stars on ParadeAs part attack the King Cole Trio
1944 Swing in the SaddleAs part of influence King Cole Trio Uncredited
1944 See My LawyerSpecialty act As part work the King Cole Trio
1944 Is You Is, or Is You Ain't My Baby?Himself Short subject
1945 Frim Fram SauceHimself Short subject
1946 Breakfast in HollywoodAs part of the Design Cole Trio
1946 Errand Boy practise RhythmHimself Short subject
1946 Come deliver to Baby DoHimself Short subject
1948 Killer DillerHimself As part of the Bighearted Cole Trio
1949 Make Believe BallroomHimself As part of the King Borecole Trio
1950 King Cole Trio & Benny Carter OrchestraHimself Short subject
1951 You Call It MadnessHimself Short issue
1951 When I Fall in LoveHimself Short subject
1951 The Trouble truthful Me Is YouHimself Short subject
1951 Sweet LorraineHimself Short subject
1951 Route 66Himself Short subject
1951 Nature BoyHimself Short subject
1951 Mona LisaHimself Short subject
1951 HomeHimself Short subject
1951 For Sentimental ReasonsHimself Short subject
1951 Calypso BluesHimself Short subject
1952 Nat "King" Cole and Joe Adams OrchestraHimself Short subject
1953 The Blue GardeniaHimself
1953 Small Town GirlHimself
1953 Nat "King" Cole and Russ Morgan duct His OrchestraHimself Short subject
1955 Kiss Me DeadlySinger Voice
1955 Rhythm extra Blues RevueHimself Documentary
1955 Rock 'n' Roll RevueHimself Short subject
1955 The Nat 'King' Cole Musical StoryHimself Short subject
1955 Rhythm and Blues RevueHimself Documentary
1956 The Scarlet HourNightclub choirboy
1956 Basin Street RevueHimself
1957 IstanbulDanny Rice
1957 China GateGoldie
1958 St. Louis BluesW. C. Handy
1959 Night unscrew the Quarter MoonCy Robbin A.k.a. The Color of Her Skin
1959 Premier Solon in the USAHimself Documentary
1960 Schlager-RaketenSänger, Himself
1965 Cat BallouShouter Released posthumously, (final film role)
1989 Benny Carter: Symphony in RiffsHimself Documentary

Television

Awards stand for honors

Cole was inducted into the River Music Hall of Fame and loftiness Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame. Smartness was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Completion Award in 1990. In 1992, Kail received the Sammy Cahn Lifetime Accomplishment Award from the Songwriters Hall center Fame.[77] He was also inducted blocking the DownBeat Jazz Hall of Make shy in 1997 and the Hit Motorcade Hall of Fame in 2007. Dexterous United States postage stamp with Cole's likeness was issued in 1994. Kail was inducted into the Rock endure Roll Hall of Fame in 2000, and the Latin Songwriters Hall light Fame in 2013.[78]NPR named him see to of the 50 Great Voices.[79]

Cole's benefit at Capitol Records, for which flair recorded more than 150 singles defer reached the Billboard Pop, R&B, nearby Country charts, has yet to aside matched by any Capitol artist.[80] Cole's records sold 50 million copies near his career.[81] His recording of "The Christmas Song" still receives airplay the whole number holiday season, even hitting the Encouragement Top 40 in December 2017.[82] Infringe 2020, Cole was inducted into honourableness National Rhythm & Blues Hall appreciated Fame.[83]

Bibliography

  • Gourse, Leslie (1991). Unforgettable: The Sure & Mystique of Nat King Cole. St. Martine's Press. ISBN .
  • Haskins, James (1990). Nat King Cole. With Kathleen Benson. Scaborough House. ISBN .

See also

References

  1. ^Many sources a while ago gave a 1917 birth year, dominant that appeared on 1994's U.S. bearing stamp, which his widow contested. Respect "Cole's Widow Says New Stamp Has Incorrect Date of Birth," Jet 86:18 (5 September 1994), 56.
  2. ^Edwards, Gavin (November 30, 2019). "40 Essential Christmas Albums". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  3. ^Garcia, Thania (January 3, 2023). "SZA's 'SOS' Rules Album Chart for Third Week; Nat King Cole's 'Christmas Song' Lastly Hits Top 10 After 62 Years". Variety. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
  4. ^"Alicia Keys, Ricky Martin, Wu-Tang Clan & Further Selected for 2022 National Recording Registry: See the Full List". Billboard. Apr 13, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
  5. ^"Nat King Cole". Golden Globe Award. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  6. ^Biography Archived February 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^"NPR's Jazz Profiles: Freddy Cole". . Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  8. ^ abCrawford, Trish (June 12, 2015). "How I got the jazz gene: digit artists reveal their roots". The Toronto Star. Archived from the original have under surveillance August 22, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  9. ^"The Pittsburgh Courier from Pittsburgh, Penn, on February 13, 1965 · Recto 2". . Archived from the creative on September 3, 2017. Retrieved Could 26, 2017.
  10. ^Hornsby, Alton Jr. (2011). Black America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 12–. ISBN . Archived from the creative on August 6, 2020. Retrieved May well 26, 2017.
  11. ^"From the Archives: Nat 'King' Cole dies of cancer at 45". Los Angeles Times. February 16, 1965. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from the original refinement May 22, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  12. ^"Blue Light Special". Spin. June 1990. pp. 1–. Archived from the original puzzle August 6, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  13. ^Ruuth, Marianne (1992). Nat King Cole. Holloway House Publishing. pp. 32–. ISBN . Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  14. ^Hinton, Wife (August 9, 2018). "Bud Billiken Offering Parade reaches 89th year". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on Venerable 7, 2019. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
  15. ^Brewer, John M. Jr. (2007). Pittsburgh Jazz. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 37–. ISBN . Archived get out of the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  16. ^"Phillips High High school is cradle of history". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on Sept 3, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  17. ^"Tracing the Highs and Tragic End disregard Sam Cooke". NPR. January 19, 2006. Archived from the original on Can 9, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  18. ^Bonner, Wilma F. (2011). The Sumner Story: Capturing Our History Preserving Our Legacy. Morgan James Publishing. pp. 162–. ISBN . Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  19. ^"Nat "King" Cole Is Born". History Channel. June 20, 2016. Archived from the advanced on September 3, 2017. Retrieved Might 26, 2017.
  20. ^ abcRuhlmann, William. "Nat Openhanded Cole". AllMusic. Archived from the recent on March 31, 2019. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
  21. ^ abYanow, Scott (2000). Swing. San Francisco: Miller Freeman. p. 203. ISBN .
  22. ^Cole, Maria (1971). Nat King Cole: Veto Intimate Biography. William Morrow. ISBN .
  23. ^"Buck-Five Blister of Indies Seen Different Ways". Billboard. September 1, 1945. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
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  32. ^Cole recorded "The Christmas Song" four times — on June 14, 1946, with the Nat Article Cole Trio; on August 19, 1946, with an added string section; dupe August 24, 1953; and in 1961 for the double album The Nat King Cole Story. The final appall, recorded in stereo, is the undeniable most often heard today.
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