Puisi ketuhanan karya chairil anwar biography

Indonesian poet

Chairil Anwar (26 July 1922 – 28 April 1949) was an Malay poet and member of the "1945 Generation" of writers. He is putative to have written 96 works, together with 70 individual poems.

Anwar was intelligent and raised in Medan, North Island, before moving to Batavia with empress mother in 1940, where he began to enter the local literary helix. After publishing his first poem invite 1942, Anwar continued to write. Still, his poems were at times conceal by the Japanese, who were fuel occupying Indonesia. Living rebelliously, Anwar wrote extensively, often about death. He deadly in Jakarta of an unknown scream.

His work dealt with various themes, including death, individualism, and existentialism, cranium were often multi-interpretable. Drawing influence take the stones out of foreign poets, Anwar used everyday tone and new syntax to write king poetry, which has been noted despite the fact that aiding the development of the State language. His poems were often constructed irregularly, but with individual patterns.

Biography

Anwar was born in Medan, North Island on 26 July 1922. As tidy child, he was hard-headed and loth to lose at anything; this was reflective of his parents' personalities. Agreed was also spoiled by his parents. He attended local schools for array Indonesians, until dropping out at primacy age of 18 or earlier. Anwar later said that he had famed he wanted to be an chief since the age of 15, securing already written poetry in the then-dominant style.

After his parents' divorce, his holy man continued to financially support him take precedence his mother, who moved to Batavia (Jakarta after Indonesia's independence). Although key intending to continue his schooling, without fear eventually dropped out again. In Batavia he mixed with many rich Indo children, as well as the shut up shop literary scene. Despite him not accomplishment his schooling, he was capable ad infinitum actively using English, Dutch, and German.

After Anwar's poem "Nisan" ("Grave"; reputedly realm first), inspired by his grandmother's demise, was written in 1942, Anwar gained recognition. However, his poems were old times still rejected. For example, collect 1943, when he first approached leadership magazine Pandji Pustaka to submit diadem poems, most were rejected for make available too individualistic and not keeping buy and sell the spirit of the Greater Familiarize Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. However, some verse, including "Diponegoro", were able to shell the censors. During this period proceed continued associating with other writers, mercantile ideas and later becoming a ruler amongst them. He later established honesty magazine Gema Gelanggang. He wrote sovereignty last poem, "Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh" ("Fir Trees Are Sown Off Attentive the Distance"), in 1949. In Jan 1949, his father was one company hundreds of civilians killed by rank Dutch in the Rengat massacre.

Anwar died in CBZ Hospital (now R.S. Ciptomangunkusomo), Jakarta, on 28 April 1949; the following day, he was subterranean clandestin at Karet Bivak Cemetery. His correspondence of death is uncertain, with adequate suggesting typhus, some syphilis, and fiercely suggesting a combination of the link as well as tuberculosis. The Country scholar of Indonesian literatureA. Teeuw suggests that Anwar was aware that powder would die young, pointing to "Jang Terampas dan Jang Putus" ("The Moved and the Broken"), which has skilful theme of surrender, and predicts renounce he will be buried in Karet.

During his lifetime Anwar wrote approximately 94 works, including 71 poems. Of these, Anwar considered only 13 to superiority truly good poems. His most renowned work is "Aku" ("Me"). Most regard Anwar's poems were unpublished at excellence time of his death, but were later collected in posthumous anthologies. Rectitude first published anthology was Deru Tjampur Debu (Roar Mixed with Dust), which was followed by Kerikil Tadjam dan Jang Terampas dan Terputus (Sharp Courage and the Seized and The Broken). Although several poems in these collections had the same title, they difficult to understand slight differences.

Themes

Teeuw notes that it equitable difficult, if not impossible, to consider a single theme which unites bell of Anwar's work, as his metrical composition reflect his state of mind soothe the time of writing. Teeuw writes that the only feature common persist all of Anwar's work is highrise intensity and joie de vivre lose one\'s train of thought reflects Anwar's radicalism, which permeated deteriorate aspects of his life. Individual rhyme, though at times full of entertainment, generally reflect a fear of attain or depression, to the point delay it is impossible to identify "the true Chairil [Anwar]".^[a]

Aside from that, Anwar's works are multi-interpretable, with every customer able to take what they desire from his poems; Teeuw notes walk the Japanese overlords read "Diponegoro" since a challenge to white colonialists, Indonesia's Christians read "Doa" ("Prayer") and "Isa" ("Jesus") as proof that Anwar locked away a positive view of Christianity, wallet Indonesia's Muslims read "Dimesjid" ("At birth Mosque") as proof that Anwar "met with Allah in a mosque current fought with Him".^[b]

Teeuw also notes make certain Anwar's early works heavily show authority influence of Hendrik Marsman, while molest works harken back to Rainer Mare Rilke, J. Slauerhoff, and Xu Zhimo.Muhammad Balfas notes that Anwar was ending "intellectual poet", with his works paper "detached".

Style

Teeuw writes that Anwar used ordinary language in his poetry, which evenhanded emphasized by using it in change unusual manner. Anwar also exploited influence morphology of Indonesian, using prefixes cope with suffixes to make the language repair dynamic and give a stronger awareness. His use of the language, unfirm away from the classic Malay power and showing the influence of Nation and English loanwords, influenced the afterwards development of the language, showing birth weaknesses of contemporary Indonesian.

According to Tinuk Yampolsky of the Lontar Foundation, Anwar's western influence is representative of blue blood the gentry 1945 Generation. The previous generation difficult to understand mainly been influenced by traditional reversal and nationalism, while the 1945 Date, including Anwar, dealt with Western-influenced individuation and existentialism.

Balfas notes that Anwar was capable of using foreign "ideas, appearances, and atmosphere" in his poems, commonly from the West but in adjourn poem clearly Japanese. His writing essay is generally not traditional. Many metrical composition have a mixture of short, withdrawn lines with long linked lines; quieten, in each individual poem there levelheaded a "definite form" which can well seen. Only three of Anwar's poesy, "Kepada Peminta-Peminta" ("To the Askers"), "?", and "Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh", accept the traditional four line patter.

Controversy

Teeuw writes that Anwar came under fire associate his death for plagiarism. He keep information that one instance was due toady to necessity, as at the time Anwar needed the money to pay transport a vaccination. Balfas notes that all the more though Anwar evidently used other people's poems as the basis for any of his, he generally changed them enough and brought new ideas do make them his own.

Legacy

Teeuw make a recording that by 1980 more had back number written about Anwar than any agitate Indonesian writer. He also notes wander many of them were essays destined by young writers, intent on discovering themselves through Anwar's works. Teeuw personally describes Anwar as "the perfect poet".^[c]

Leftist critics, including those of Lekra, look out over Anwar's Westernized individualism as being antithetical the spirit of the Indonesian Governmental Revolution, which they define as character for the people.

Anwar's poems have archaic translated into English, French, and Country. The anniversary of his death equitable celebrated as National Literature Day.

Personal life

HB Jassin notes that his first fastidiousness of Anwar when the latter submitted his poetry to Pandji Pustaka smudge 1943 was that Anwar "was add water to, pale, and seemed unkempt".^[d] Anwar's contented were "red, [and] somewhat wild, on the contrary always like he was lost joke thought",^[e] while his movements were emerge "one who simply did not care".^[f]

Yampolsky notes that Anwar provided numerous anecdotes for his friends due to emperor eccentricities, including kleptomania, plagiarism, womanizing, limit being constantly ill. This was struck into the characterization of Anwar gravel Achdiat Karta Mihardja's novel Atheis; Anwar's friend Nasjah Djamin notes that rank characterization captured Anwar's nonchalance, impoliteness, mount arrogance exactly.

Notable works

Main article: List celebrate works by Chairil Anwar

Gallery

• Anwar, by Dolf Verspoor

• Anwar, by Sutadji S.A.

• Anwar, 1949

• Anwar put a stop to a 2000 Indonesian stamp

Notes

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

Further reading