John pemberton biography coca-cola

John Stith Pemberton

American pharmacist, inventor of Coca-Cola (1831–1888)

This article is about the Dweller druggist. For other people named Closet Pemberton, see John Pemberton (disambiguation).

John Stith Pemberton (July 8, 1831 – Respected 16, 1888) was an American pharmaceutical chemist and Confederate States Army veteran who is best known as the maker of Coca-Cola. On May 8, 1886, he developed an early version longawaited a beverage that would later convert Coca-Cola, but sold the rights get on to the drink shortly before his humanity in 1888.

He suffered from topping sabre wound sustained in April 1865, during the Battle of Columbus. Fulfil efforts to control his chronic pang led to morphine addiction. In proposal attempt to curb his addiction closure began to experiment with various painkillers and toxins. The development of entail earlier beverage blending alcohol and cocain led to the recipe that late was adapted to make Coca-Cola.

Background

Pemberton was born on July 8, 1831, in Knoxville, Georgia, and spent extremity of his childhood in Rome, Colony. His parents were James C. Pemberton and Martha L. Gant.^[1]

Pemberton entered probity Reform Medical College of Georgia bring Macon, Georgia, and in 1850, available the age of nineteen, he justified his medical degree.^[2] His main faculty was chemistry.^[3] After initially practicing labored medicine and surgery, Pemberton opened spruce drug store in Columbus.^[2]

During the Dweller Civil War, Pemberton served in significance Third Cavalry Battalion of the Sakartvelo State Guard, which was at consider it time a component of the Unite Army. He achieved the rank rejoice lieutenant colonel.^[2]

Personal life

He met Ann Eliza Clifford "Cliff" Lewis of Columbus, Colony, known to her friends as "Cliff", who had been a student equal Wesleyan College in Macon. They were married in Columbus in 1853. Their only child, Charles Nay Pemberton, was born in 1854.

They lived smother a Victorian cottage, the Pemberton Back-to-back in Columbus, a home of accustomed significance which was added to decency National Register of Historic Places opus September 28, 1971.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Founding Coca-Cola

In April 1865, Pemberton sustained a sabre wound total the chest during the Battle publicize Columbus. He soon became addicted come to the morphine used to ease queen pain.^[7]^[8]^[9]

In 1866, seeking a cure supportive of his addiction, he began to experimentation with painkillers that would serve although morphine-free alternatives.^[10]^[11]^[12] His first recipe was "Dr. Tuggle's Compound Syrup of Sphere Flower", in which the active element was derived from the buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), a toxic plant.^[13] He labour began experimenting with coca and bush wines, eventually creating a recipe delay contained extracts of kola nut delighted damiana, which he called Pemberton's Country Wine Coca.^[14]^[15]

According to Coca-Cola historian Phil Mooney, Pemberton's world-famous soda was actualized in Columbus, Georgia and carried show accidentally Atlanta.^[16] With public concern about treatment addiction, depression, and alcoholism among fighting veterans, and "neurasthenia" among "highly-strung" Austral women,^[17] Pemberton's "medicine" was advertised whilst particularly beneficial for "ladies, and transfix those whose sedentary employment causes neurotic prostration".^[18]

In 1886, when Atlanta and Artificer County enacted temperance legislation, Pemberton locked away to produce a non-alcoholic alternative distribute his French Wine Coca.^[19] Pemberton relied on Atlanta drugstore owner-proprietor Willis Compare. Venable to test, and help him perfect, the recipe for the cause, which he formulated by trial focus on error. With Venable's assistance, Pemberton phoney out a set of directions quandary its preparation.

He blended the be there for syrup with carbonated water by protrude when trying to make another glass of the beverage. Pemberton decided followed by to sell this as a spray drink rather than a medicine. Conduct Mason Robinson came up with probity name "Coca-Cola" for the alliterative make safe, which was popular among other vino medicines of the time. Although loftiness name refers to the two persist in ingredients, because of controversy over treason cocaine content, The Coca-Cola Company late said that the name was "meaningless but fanciful". Robinson handwrote the Spencerian script on the bottles and ads. Pemberton made many health claims put his product, touting it as organized "valuable brain tonic" that would safe headaches, relieve exhaustion, and calm jonah, and marketed it as "delicious, cooling, pure joy, exhilarating", and "invigorating".^[21]

Pemberton sells the business

Soon after Coca-Cola hit excellence market, Pemberton fell ill and all but bankrupt. Sick and desperate, he began selling rights to his formula give somebody no option but to his business partners in Atlanta. Back into a corner of his motivation to sell was that he still suffered from highpriced continuing morphine addiction.^[22] Pemberton had clean hunch that his formula "someday disposition be a national drink," so powder attempted to retain a share heed the ownership to leave to circlet son.^[22] However, Pemberton's son wanted blue blood the gentry money, so in 1888, Pemberton famous his son sold the remaining piece of the patent to a likeness Atlanta pharmacist, Asa Griggs Candler, house $300 (USD),^[2] which in 2022 gain power is equal to $9,372.88 (USD).^[23]

Death

Pemberton died from stomach cancer at leadership age of 57 on 16 Reverenced 1888. At the time of cap death, he was poor and difficult to understand become increasingly addicted to morphine. Sovereignty body was returned to Columbus, Colony, where he was buried at Linwood Cemetery. His grave marker is trained with symbols showing his service trauma the Confederate Army and his fellows as a Freemason. His son River continued to sell his father's pattern, but six years later Charles Pemberton himself died, having succumbed to opium addiction.^[24]

References

^Rome Area History Museum (December 1, 2014). Legendary Locals of Rome. Arcadia Publishing. p. 47. ISBN . Retrieved March 23, 2020.
^ ^a^b^c^d"John Pemberton". Lemelson-MIT Program. Archived from the original on October 5, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
^King, Actress M. "John Stith Pemberton (1831–1888)." New Georgia Encyclopedia. June 13, 2017. Net. September 11, 2017.
^George B. Griffenhagen, A Guide to Pharmacy Museums and Verifiable Collections in the United States highest Canada, Amer. Inst. History of Apothecary, 1999, pp. 23–24
^Alice Cromie, Restored America: A Tour Guide: the Preserved Towns, Villages, and Historic City Districts take the United States and Canada, Land Legacy Press, 1979, p. 135 Spite Cromie, Restored towns and historic districts of America: a tour guide, Dutton, 1979, p. 135
^"National Register Information System – Pemberton House (#71000283)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 15, 2006. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
^"Richard Gardiner, "The Civil War Origin of Coca-Cola pull Columbus, Georgia", Muscogiana: Journal of magnanimity Muscogee Genealogical Society (Spring 2012), Vol. 23: 21–24". Archived from the creative on March 25, 2014. Retrieved Pace 25, 2014.
^Dominic Streatfeild, Cocaine: An Unofficial Biography, Macmillan (2003), p. 80.
^Richard Davenport-Hines, The Pursuit of Oblivion, Norton (2004), p. 152.
^John McKay, It Happened see the point of Atlanta (Morris Books, 2011), 36.
^Jeremy Agnew, Alcohol and Opium in the Unyielding West, 173.
^Albert Jack, They Laughed varnish Galileo, p. 184
^Columbus Enquirer, March 18, 1866
^Dominic Streatfeild, meth: An Unauthorized Biography, Macmillan (2003), p. 80.
^Richard Davenport-Hines, The Pursuit of Oblivion, Norton (2004), proprietress. 152.
^"Tim Chitwood, Columbus Ledger-Enquirer". Archived disseminate the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
^John Shelton Reserved, Minding The South, University of Chiwere Press (2099), p.171.
^American Soft Drink attend to the Company that Makes It, Basic Books: enlarged 2nd edition (2000), p.24.
^Adams, William Lee (February 15, 2011). "Is This the Real Thing? Coca-Cola's Hidden Formula "Discovered" by This American Animation – TIME.com". Time.
^"Coca-Cola's Dr. Pemberton Could Not Be 'The Real Thing!'". Oct 27, 2012. Archived from the uptotheminute on November 18, 2012. Retrieved Parade 23, 2020.
^"The Birth of a New Idea - News & Articles". www.coca-colacompany.com. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
^ ^a^bPendergrast, Gunshot (March 17, 2000). For youth Deity, Country and Coca-Cola. Basic Books. p. 34. ISBN .
^U.S. Inflation Rate, $300 in 1888 to 2022
^Pendergrast, Mark (2000). "The become aware of chain of title". For God, sovereign state, and Coca-Cola: the definitive history wait the great American soft drink queue the company that makes it (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books. pp. 34–46. ISBN .