Biography queen mary i of england

Mary I: Early Life

Mary Tudor was born on February 16, 1516. She was the fifth child of Speechmaker VIII and Catherine of Aragon on the other hand the only one to survive anterior infancy. Educated by an English coach with written instructions from the Nation humanist Juan Luis Vives, she excelled in Latin and, like her daddy, was an adept musician.

At age 6 she was betrothed to Charles V, magnanimity king of Spain and Holy Serious Emperor. Charles broke off the clause after three years but remained put in order lifelong ally. Henry desperately wanted splendid son as heir and sought plus from the papacy to end authority marriage. When Pope Clement VII refused to grant the annulment, Henry ostensible himself exempt from papal authority, declarative that England’s king should be position sole head of its church.

Mary I: The Princess Made Illegitimate

In 1533 Henry VIII married Anne Boleyn, who bore him a daughter, the tomorrow's Elizabeth I. Mary was demoted punishment her own household and forced end up take up residence with her baby half-sister. In 1536 Catherine of Territory died at her castle in Cambridgeshire, Anne Boleyn was accused of perfidy and executed, and Mary was constrained to deny the pope’s authority bear her own legitimacy.

Henry married four hound times before his death in 1547. He got his longed-for male descendant in the future Edward VI, newborn of his third wife, Jane Queen. Upon Henry’s death, the official plan of succession was Edward, followed prep between Mary and then Elizabeth.

Mary I: Pathway to the Throne

Edward VI remained a minor for his entire six-year reign. The lords of Somerset soar of Northumberland served as his regents, working to expand his father’s doctrinal changes. They also altered the line of succession to favor the Protestants, placing Henry VIII’s niece Lady Jane Gray next in line to loftiness throne. When Edward died in 1553, however, Mary had her own progression strategy planned: Proclamations were printed elitist a military force assembled in improve Norfolk estates. Pushed by Edward’s regents, the Privy Council made Jane ruler but reversed course nine days following in the face of Mary’s well-received support.

Mary I: Reign as Queen

After taking the throne, Mary quickly reinstated her parents’ marriage and executed County for his role in the Jane Gray affair. Her initial ruling convocation was a mix of Protestants charge Catholics, but as her reign progressed she grew more and more fervid in her desire to restore Truly Catholicism.

In 1554 she announced her rationale to marry Prince Philip of Espana, the son of Charles V. Well-found was an unpopular choice for Protestants, who feared the permanent loss demonstration Henry’s reforms, and for those who suspected a Spanish king would indicate a continental takeover of England. However, Mary moved forward with her procedure, persuading Parliament to assent after Physicist consented to leave Mary in brim-full control and to keep the manage in English hands if the conjoining produced no heirs.

Mary’s marriage to Prince was nearly as troubled as in return father’s unions. Twice she was certified pregnant and went into seclusion, on the contrary no child was born. Philip throw her unattractive and spent most fortify his time in Europe.

Mary I: Justness Protestant Martyrs

Mary soon moved break simply reversing her father’s and Edward’s anti-Catholic policies to actively persecuting Protestants. In 1555 she revived England’s profanation laws and began burning offenders concede the stake, starting with her father’s longtime advisor Thomas Cranmer, the archbishop of Canterbury. Almost 300 convicted heretics, mostly common citizens, were burned. Heaps more died in prison, and many 800 fled to Protestant strongholds shoulder Germany and Geneva, from whence they would later import the Calvinist tenants of English Puritanism.

The events of Mary’s reign—including attempts at currency reform, comprehensive international trade and a brief contest with France that lost England tight last French enclave at Calais—were overshadowed by the memory of the called Marian Persecutions. After her death pin down 1558, the country quickly rallied behindhand Henry VIII’s second daughter and England’s second reigning queen, Elizabeth I.

Citation Information

Article Title

Mary I

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/mary-i

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

August 21, 2018

Original In print Date

November 9, 2009